摘要

       养殖业过度使用抗生素会导致抗生素残留和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）在环境中因处理不当的牲畜粪便而积累。在猪粪堆肥中监测了四种常用的兽用抗生素，包括金霉素（CTC）、磺胺嘧啶（SMZ）、恩诺沙星（ENR）和红霉素（ERY）。本研究调查了堆肥过程中相关ARGs之间的共抗和交叉抗性，ARGs与多种抗生素残留下细菌群落的相关性。 CTC 添加量高达 20 mg/kg，堆肥后 CTC 去除率超过 99%，其他大部分抗生素也可以彻底去除。堆肥过程中ARGs的变化与微生物群落的组成密切相关，拟杆菌和孢子藻是高温阶段的主要ARGs载体。梭菌Ⅺ、狭义梭菌和假黄单胞菌可能会在冷却和成熟阶段传播 ARG。大部分经检测猪粪中的ARGs可以通过堆肥有效减少，从而使堆肥产品对土壤施肥是安全的。

       Excessive use of antibiotics in breeding industry leads to accumulation of antibiotic residuals and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environment from improperly treated livestock excrements. Four commonly used veterinary antibiotics including chlortetracycline (CTC), sulfamerazine (SMZ), enrofloxacin (ENR) and erythromycin (ERY) were monitored in the swine manure composting. Co-resistance and cross-resistance effects among relative ARGs, correlations between ARGs and bacterial community under multiple antibiotics residual during the composting were investigated in this research. With CTC addition up to 20 mg/kg, more than 99% of CTC removal was achieved after composting, and most of the other antibiotics can be thoroughly removed as well. The variations in ARGs during the composting were strongly correlated to the compositions of the microbial community, Bacteroides and Sporosarcina were main ARGs carriers in the thermophlic phase. Clostridium Ⅺ, Clostridium sensu stricto, and Pseudoxanthomonas, might spread ARGs in cooling and maturing stage. Most of the tested ARGs in swine manure can be effectively reduced through composting, thus makes the compost products safe for soil fertilization.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S026974911732420X