摘要

       这项工作调查了水稻-旱地轮作系统中抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 和土壤微生物群落对矿物肥料 (NPK) 和不同施用量的粪肥与 NPK 结合的反应。量化了五种四环素 ARG（tetA、tetB、tetC、tetG 和 tetW）、两种磺酰胺 ARG（sul1 和 sul2）和一种遗传元件 (IntI1) 的出现。与不施肥的对照相比，NPK 施用对土壤 ARGs 丰度只有轻微或没有影响。施用粪肥-NPK 可以增加土壤 ARGs 丰度，但与粪肥用量（2250-9000 kg ha-1）有关。主成分分析（PCA）表明，9000 kg ha-1 粪肥处理的土壤 ARG 剖面与其他处理明显分离；对这种治疗的区分贡献最大的 ARG 是 tetA、tetG、tetW、sul1、sul2 和 IntI1。社区水平生理特征 (CLPP) 分析表明，将粪便剂量从 4500 kg ha-1 增加到 9000 kg ha-1 会导致几乎所有检测到的 ARG 急剧增加，但不会改变整个微生物群落。然而，9000 kg ha-1 粪肥施用导致土壤微生物活性下降。土壤中抗生素和重金属的测定表明，观察到的土壤 ARGs 的绽放可能与土壤中铜和锌的积累密切相关。

       This work investigated the responses of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the soil microbial community in a paddy–upland rotation system to mineral fertilizer (NPK) and different application dosages of manure combined with NPK. The occurrence of five tetracycline ARGs (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG and tetW), two sulfonamide ARGs (sul1 and sul2) and one genetic element (IntI1) was quantified. NPK application showed only slight or no impact on soil ARGs abundances compared with the control without fertilizer. Soil ARGs abundances could be increased by manure-NPK application but was related to manure dosage (2250–9000 kg ha−1). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the soil ARG profile of the treatment with 9000 kg ha−1 manure separated clearly from the other treatments; the ARGs that contributed most to the discrimination of this treatment were tetA, tetG, tetW, sul1, sul2 and IntI1. Community level physiological profile (CLPP) analysis showed that increasing manure dosage from 4500 kg ha−1 to 9000 kg ha−1 induced a sharp increase in almost all of the detected ARGs but would not change the microbial community at large. However, 9000 kg ha−1 manure application produced a decline in soil microbial activity. Determination of antibiotics and heavy metals in soils suggested that the observed bloom of soil ARGs might associate closely with the accumulation of copper and zinc in soil.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749116300070