摘要

       现代世界中抗生素耐药性的盛行引起了全球对公共卫生的关注。建立抗生素使用与抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 之间的关系对于了解 ARG 在人类影响环境中的传播和积累至关重要。在这项研究中，使用宏基因组学方法分析了牛蛙养殖场沉积物中的 ARG 谱，其中青霉素和阿莫西林（β-内酰胺类）和庆大霉素（氨基糖苷类）用于预防目的。对细胞外和细胞内 DNA（eDNA 和 iDNA）的分析表明，使用上述抗生素会导致 ARG 的复杂污染，不仅与 β-内酰胺类和氨基糖苷类有关，而且与磺胺类、四环素类和大环内酯类有关。牛蛙养殖场沉积物中的大部分 ARG 可能由质粒携带。观察到 ARG 相关质粒的总丰度与携带质粒的 ARG 的总丰度之间存在显着相关性。牛蛙养殖场沉积物中可能存在的大约 85% 的质粒具有至少 3 个 ARG 亚型，这赋予细菌宿主对不同抗生素类别的抗性。我们的结果表明，由于质粒中 ARG 的并发，抗生素可能导致与施用的那些无关的 ARG 的复杂污染。

       The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the modern world has raised global concerns for public health. Establishing relationships between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to understanding the dissemination and accumulation of ARGs in a human-impacted environment. In this study, ARG profiles in the sediments from a bullfrog farm, where penicillin and amoxicillin (beta-lactams) and gentamicin (aminoglycoside) were used for prophylactic purposes, were analyzed using metagenomic approaches. Analysis of both extracellular and intracellular DNA (eDNA and iDNA) demonstrated that use of the above-mentioned antibiotics led to complex pollution of ARGs not only related to beta-lactams and aminoglycoside but also to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and macrolides. Most of the ARGs in the sediments from the bullfrog farm were likely carried by plasmids. A significant correlation was observed between the total abundance of ARG-related plasmids and that of plasmid-carrying ARGs. Approximately 85% of the plasmids likely present in the sediment from the bullfrog farm possessed at least 3 ARG subtypes, which conferred the resistance of bacterial hosts to different antibiotic categories. Our results suggest that antibiotics could lead to complex pollution of ARGs unrelated to those administered due to the concurrence of ARGs in the plasmids.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135418301027