摘要

       对小麦-大豆种植系统进行了 30 年的田间试验，以比较人为对土壤 ARG 的长期影响。与化学施肥相比，长期接触猪粪显着增加了38种ARGs的发生率和7种ARGs（tetL、tetB(P)、tetO、tetW、sul1、ermB和ermF）的丰度。然而，除了牛粪将 tetM 和 tetW 的丰度增加到可检测水平外，小麦秸秆和牛粪的应用并未显着影响 ARGs 的丰度。在土壤中观察到的厚壁菌门、γ-变形菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度和 ARGs 显着相关。整合酶基因 I1 (intI1) 通常与赋予抗生素抗性的基因相关，它在猪粪处理的土壤中显着增加，并与受猪粪显着影响的 ARG 丰度呈高度正相关。 Cu、Zn 和 Pb 的浓度在粪肥处理的土壤中也有所增加，并且与 intI1 和大多数 ARG 的相对丰度呈正相关。这些结果表明，长期向土壤中施用动物粪便已经污染了土壤，尤其是猪粪，应将其作为未来管理计划的一部分进行审查。

       A 30 year field experiment with a wheat-soybean cropping system were performed to compare the long-term anthropogenic influence on soil ARGs. Compared with chemical fertilization, the occurrence of 38 ARGs and the abundance of seven ARGs (tetL, tetB(P), tetO, tetW, sul1, ermB, and ermF) were significantly increased by long term exposure of pig manure. However, application of wheat straw and cow manure not substantially affected the abundance of ARGs except cow manure increased the abundance of tetM and tetW to a detectable level. Relative abundance of Firmicutes, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes and ARGs observed in the soil were significantly correlated. Integrase gene I1 (intI1) is commonly linked to genes conferring resistance to antibiotics, it was significantly increased in pig manure treated soils and showed a high positive correlation with the abundance of ARGs which were significantly affected by pig manure. Concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb were also increased in manure treated soil and positive correlated with the relative abundance of intI1 and most of the ARGs. These results indicated that long-term animal manure application to soils has polluted the soil, especially for pig manure, and it should be scrutinized as part of future stewardship programs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030438941730479X