摘要

       由于抗生素的过度使用和误用，抗生素耐药性代表了日益严重的全球健康问题。然而，关于临床抗生素使用的选择压力如何影响水生生态系统中的环境群落以及哪些细菌群可能负责将抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 传播到环境中的信息很少。在这项研究中，三个供水水库受到广泛污染梯度的水和沉积物的化学和生物学特征可以准确描绘抗生素浓度和 ARGs 的流行情况，以评估 ARGs 在塑造环境中的潜在作用。细菌群落，并确定最有可能携带和传播 ARGs 的细菌群。结果表明，赋予大环内酯类抗性的 ARG 的存在与细菌群落的组成之间存在显着相关性，表明抗生素污染和 ARG 的扩散可能在水库细菌群落的构象中发挥作用。结果还指出细菌群放线菌和厚壁菌门可能携带和传播 ARGs。抗生素污染的潜在影响和 ARG 的存在对湖泊生态系统中细菌群落的组成提出了一个基本问题，即对湖泊和水库提供的与细菌相关的生态系统服务的潜在影响。

       Antibiotic resistance represents a growing global health concern due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. There is, however, little information about how the selective pressure of clinical antibiotic usage can affect environmental communities in aquatic ecosystems and which bacterial groups might be responsible for dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the environment. In this study, chemical and biological characterization of water and sediments from three water supply reservoirs subjected to a wide pollution gradient allowed to draw an accurate picture of the concentration of antibiotics and prevalence of ARGs, in order to evaluate the potential role of ARGs in shaping bacterial communities, and to identify the bacterial groups most probably carrying and disseminating ARGs. Results showed significant correlation between the presence of ARG conferring resistance to macrolides and the composition of bacterial communities, suggesting that antibiotic pollution and the spreading of ARG might play a role in the conformation of bacterial communities in reservoirs. Results also pointed out the bacterial groups Actinobacteria and Firmicutes as the ones probably carrying and disseminating ARGs. The potential effect of antibiotic pollution and the presence of ARGs on the composition of bacterial communities in lacustrine ecosystems prompt the fundamental question about potential effects on bacterial-related ecosystem services supplied by lakes and reservoirs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969713003756