摘要

       环境中抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的出现和流行是一个严重的全球健康问题。在细菌中发现的 ARG 可以在环境中的噬菌体颗粒中移动。污水处理厂 (WWTP) 二级处理产生的污泥构成了细菌和噬菌体的浓缩池，这些细菌和噬菌体在处理过程中被去除。本研究评估了厌氧消化污泥的细菌和噬菌体部分中 ARG 的流行情况；五个 ARG（blaTEM、blaCTX-M、qnrA、qnrS 和 sul1）通过 qPCR 进行量化。废水和污泥之间的比较显示 ARGs 的流行发生了变化（blaTEM 和 sul1 在污泥中变得更加普遍），表明细菌和噬菌体种群从废水到二级处理和后来的厌氧中温选择的那些发生了变化。污泥的消化。细菌中的 ARGs 密度高于噬菌体部分，两个部分的密度都很高；特别是 blaTEM 和 sul1（细菌 DNA 中分别为 5 和 8 log10 基因拷贝 (GC)/g；噬菌体 DNA 中分别为 5.5 和 4.4 log10 GC/g）。这些结果质疑处理后污泥的潜在农业用途，因为它可能有助于 ARGs 在环境中的传播并对接收生态系统的细菌群落产生影响。

       The emergence and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment is a serious global health concern. ARGs found in bacteria can become mobilized in bacteriophage particles in the environment. Sludge derived from secondary treatment in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) constitutes a concentrated pool of bacteria and phages that are removed during the treatment process. This study evaluates the prevalence of ARGs in the bacterial and phage fractions of anaerobic digested sludge; five ARGs (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, qnrA, qnrS, and sul1) are quantified by qPCR. Comparison between the wastewater and sludge revealed a shift in the prevalence of ARGs (blaTEM and sul1 became more prevalent in sludge), suggesting there is a change in the bacterial and phage populations from wastewater to those selected during the secondary treatment and the later anaerobic mesophilic digestion of the sludge. ARGs densities were higher in the bacterial than in the phage fraction, with high densities in both fractions; particularly for blaTEM and sul1 (5 and 8 log10 gene copies (GC)/g, respectively, in bacterial DNA; 5.5 and 4.4 log10 GC/g, respectively, in phage DNA). These results question the potential agricultural uses of treated sludge, as it could contribute to the spread of ARGs in the environment and have an impact on the bacterial communities of the receiving ecosystem.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es501851s