摘要

       不同的施肥和种植系统可能会影响土壤中抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 和移动遗传元件 (MGE) 的短期和长期残留。来自同一非农用地（林地）的旱地（花生）和稻田（水稻）的土壤在取样前 26 年用化肥、堆肥或不施化肥处理，采样发生在最后一次之后的一年。应用程序。使用高度平行的 qPCR 和高通量测序研究了 ARG 和 MGE。通过 LC-MS/MS 测量的 11 种抗生素中有 6 种在施肥土壤中检测到，但未在非施肥土壤中检测到，表明它们的来源来自之前的施肥。与未施肥的对照相比，施肥在任一种植系统中都没有显示出大量的 ARG 积累，但土壤管理对本地 ARG 的影响较小。稻田土壤中这些 ARG 的积累量更高，这对应于比旱地土壤更高的微生物生物量。化肥增加了这些 ARGs 在旱地土壤中的相对丰度，但降低了它们在水稻土中的相对丰度。这些结果显示了长期常见的土壤管理实践如何影响两种截然不同的土壤环境中 ARG 和 MGE 的丰度和类型，一种是需氧的，另一种主要是厌氧的。

       Different fertilization and cropping systems may influence short- and long-term residues of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in soil. Soils from dryland (peanut) and paddy (rice) fields, which originated from the same nonagricultural land (forested), were treated with either chemical fertilizer, composted manure, or no fertilizer for 26 years before sampling, which occurred one year after the last applications. ARGs and MGEs were investigated using highly parallel qPCR and high-throughput sequencing. Six of the 11 antibiotics measured by LC–MS/MS were detected in the manure applied soil, but not in the nonmanured soils, indicating their source was from previous manure applications. Compared to the unfertilized control, manure application did not show a large accumulation of ARGs in either cropping system but there were some minor effects of soil management on indigenous ARGs. Paddy soil showed higher accumulation of these ARGs, which corresponded to higher microbial biomass than the dryland soil. Chemical fertilizer increased relative abundance of these ARGs in dryland soil but decreased their relative abundance in paddy soil. These results show how long-term common soil management practices affect the abundance and type of ARGs and MGEs in two very different soil environments, one aerobic and the other primarily anaerobic.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.8b04330