摘要

       抗生素常用于水产养殖，它们可以通过增加抗生素抗性基因（ARG）来改变环境抗性组。从位于芬兰北波罗的海的两个养鱼场和养殖场外的一个地点（对照）收集沉积物样品。通过使用包含 295 个引物组的高度平行的 qPCR 阵列来评估沉积物抵抗组，以检测 ARG、移动遗传元件和 16S rRNA 基因。养鱼场的抗性组富含转座子和整合子相关基因以及编码抗药性的 ARG，这些抗药性已被用于养鱼场。尽管农场没有使用氨基糖苷类，但农场沉积物中也富含氨基糖苷类抗性基因。相比之下，对照沉积物抗性组中 ARG 的总相对丰度值较高，它们主要是编码外排泵的基因，其次是 β-内酰胺抗性基因，这些基因在许多细菌中固有。这表明存在天然的波罗的海沉积物抵抗组。与养鱼场相关的抗性组可以来自养殖场使用抗生素富集的本地 ARGs 和/或来自养鱼场引入的 ARGs 和移动元素。

       Antibiotics are commonly used in aquaculture and they can change the environmental resistome by increasing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Sediment samples were collected from two fish farms located in the Northern Baltic Sea, Finland, and from a site outside the farms (control). The sediment resistome was assessed by using a highly parallel qPCR array containing 295 primer sets to detect ARGs, mobile genetic elements and the 16S rRNA gene. The fish farm resistomes were enriched in transposon and integron associated genes and in ARGs encoding resistance to antibiotics which had been used to treat fish at the farms. Aminoglycoside resistance genes were also enriched in the farm sediments despite the farms not having used aminoglycosides. In contrast, the total relative abundance values of ARGs were higher in the control sediment resistome and they were mainly genes encoding efflux pumps followed by beta-lactam resistance genes, which are found intrinsically in many bacteria. This suggests that there is a natural Baltic sediment resistome. The resistome associated with fish farms can be from native ARGs enriched by antibiotic use at the farms and/or from ARGs and mobile elements that have been introduced by fish farming.

https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/92/4/fiw052/2198016?login=true