摘要

       养殖场抗生素的过度使用是普遍现象，导致抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在邻近养殖场的水生环境中广泛分布。然而，对中国水环境中ARGs分布和类型的研究尚处于起步阶段。在本研究中，废水和地表水样本来自中国江苏省的 12 个养殖场（四个养猪场、四个养牛场和四个养鸡场）。对22个ARGs的流行、丰度和分布进行了调查，将其分为六组，包括9个四环素耐药基因、3个磺胺类耐药基因、3个喹诺酮类耐药基因、2个大环内酯耐药基因、3个氨基糖苷类耐药基因和2个多药耐药基因。基因，采用定量实时 PCR (qPCR)。结果表明在样品中检测到所有 22 个 ARG。 Sul1、sul2和tetM含量最高，平均浓度分别为3.84 × 101拷贝/16S重组RNA (rRNA)基因拷贝、1.62 × 101拷贝/16S rRNA基因拷贝、2.33 × 101拷贝/16S基因拷贝.主成分分析表明，苏北地区ARGs的综合污染更为严重。与地表水中的 ARGs 相比，废水中的 ARGs 更丰富。一项关于 ARGs 在好氧过程后命运的初步研究表明，tetA、tetC、sul1、sul2、oqxB 和 qnrS 显着增加。并且，在四环素抗性基因中，外排泵基因在好氧过程中富集而核糖体保护蛋白编码基因减少。水环境中 ARGs 的流行率令人担忧；需要更多的监测来确定抗生素抗性基因的污染水平和模式。

       The overuse of antibiotics in livestock farms is general, leading to a wide distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environment adjacent to livestock farms. However, researches of the distribution and types of ARGs in aquatic environment of China are still in the initial stage. In this study, wastewater and surface water samples were collected from 12 livestock farms (four pig farms, four cattle farms, and four chicken farms) in Jiangsu Province of China. The prevalence, abundance, and distribution of 22 ARGs were investigated, which were categorized into six groups, including nine tetracyclin resistance genes, three sulfonamides resistance genes, three quinolone resistance genes, two macrolide resistance genes, three aminoglycoside resistance genes, and two multidrug resistance genes, employing quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The results suggested that all of the 22 ARGs were detected in samples. Sul1, sul2, and tetM were the most abundant with the average concentration of 3.84 × 101 copies/16S recombinant RNA (rRNA) gene copies, 1.62 × 101 copies/16S rRNA gene copies, 2.33 × 101 copies/16S rRNA gene copies, respectively. Principle component analysis revealed that the comprehensive pollution of ARGs in northern Jiangsu was more serious. ARGs in wastewater were more abundant when compared to that in surface water. A preliminary study regarding the fate of ARGs after an aerobiotic process showed that tetA, tetC, sul1, sul2, oqxB, and qnrS were significantly increased. And, among the tetracycline resistance genes, the efflux pump genes were enriched while the ribosomal protection protein encoding genes were decreased in the aerobiotic process. The prevalance of ARGs in water environment is of concern; more surveillance is required to determine the pollution level and pattern of antibiotic resistance genes.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-015-4636-y