摘要

       在中国北京的7条城市河流中调查了磺胺和四环素的发生和分布，相应的细菌耐药率和耐药基因（ARGs）和两个整合酶基因。磺胺和四环素的总浓度范围为 1.3 × 101–1.5 × 103 ng/L 和 3.9 × 101–5.4 × 104 ng/L（水），以及 1.0 × 100–2.7 × 102 和 3.1 × 101–2 ng/L。 /g 分别为沉积物。在地表水和沉积物中，sul 抗性比tet 抗性高2-3 倍。地表水中sul抗性和tet抗性平均率分别高达81.3%和38.6%，沉积物中分别高达89.1%和69.4%。 sul1、tetA 和 tetE 基因在绝对丰度方面占优势。靠近直接排放点的温榆河和清河中ARGs的绝对丰度比其他调查城市河流高5-50倍，表明源释放在ARGs的分布中起重要作用. sul1 和 sul2 基因与磺胺类药物呈正相关（p < 0.05），tet 抗性基因与四环素类药物呈显着相关（p < 0.05），说明城市河流中部分 ARGs 和抗生素的污染源相同。考虑到主成分分析，采样点（QH5、QH6、B1、B2、B3 和 BX2）表明，过程的复杂相互作用控制着河流交汇处 ARG 的命运和运输。这些结果对于了解源发布中 ARG 的命运和贡献具有重要意义。鉴于北京城市河流系统的大规模调查，反映了污水排水系统的细菌耐药性。这样的调查突出了控制污染物排放的管理，这似乎是未来城市化发展过程中许多ARGs维持和传播的主要推动力。

       The occurrence and distribution of sulfonamide and tetracycline, corresponding bacterial resistant rate and resistance genes (ARGs) and two integrase genes were investigated in seven urban rivers in Beijing, China. The total concentration of sulfonamide and tetracycline ranged from 1.3 × 101–1.5 × 103 ng/L and 3.9 × 101–5.4 × 104 ng/L for water, and 1.0 × 100–2.7 × 102 and 3.1 × 101–1.6 × 102 ng/g for sediment, respectively. The sul resistant rate was 2–3 times higher than tet resistant rate in both surface water and sediment. The average rate of sul resistance and tet resistance were up to 81.3% and 38.6% in surface water, 89.1% and 69.4% in the sediment, respectively. The sul1, tetA and tetE genes were predominant in term of the absolute abundance. The absolute abundance of ARGs in Wenyu River and Qinghe River, which were close to the direct discharging sites, were 5–50 times higher than those in the other investigated urban rivers, suggesting that the source release played an important role in the distribution of ARGs. The sul1 and sul2 genes had positive correlation (p < 0.05) with sulfonamides, and the tet resistance genes was significantly correlated with tetracyclines (p < 0.05), indicating that some ARGs and antibiotics in the urban rivers had identical sources of pollution. Considering principal component analysis, sampling sites (QH5, QH6, B1, B2, B3 and BX2) intimated that a complex interplay of processes govern fate and transport of ARGs in the junction of rivers. These results are significant to understand the fate, and the contribution of ARGs from the source release. In view of the large-scale investigation of urban rivers system in Beijing, it reflected the bacterial resistance in sewage drainage system. Such investigation highlights the management on controlling the pollutant release which was seemed as a major driving force for the maintenance and propagation of many ARGs during the development of urbanization in the future.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749116302354