摘要

       本研究的目的是确定在将猪粪和奶牛粪施用于土壤后抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 和 1 类整合子的命运。土壤微观世界被修改为来自饲喂低于治疗水平的抗生素的猪的粪便或来自仅很少且严格用于兽医目的的奶牛的粪便。使用针对 16S rRNA 基因（细菌生物量的测量）、intI1、erm(B)、tet(A)、tet(W) 和 tet(X) 的定量 PCR 监测微观世界 6 个月。猪粪的 ARGs 水平比奶牛粪高 10 到 100 倍，所有这些都在施入土壤后随着时间的推移而腐烂。改进的 Collins-Selleck 模型很好地描述了土壤微观世界中 ARGs 的衰减，特别是衰减率随时间下降的特征。通过土壤微观世界实验的完成，乳制品粪便改良土壤中的 ARGs 恢复到背景水平，而与对照微观世界相比，猪粪中的 ARGs 仍然升高。我们的研究表明，在动物饲料中使用抗生素亚治疗可能会导致 ARGs 在施用粪便的土壤中积累。

       The goal of this study was to determine the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and class 1 integrons following the application of swine and dairy manure to soil. Soil microcosms were amended with either manure from swine fed subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics or manure from dairy cows that were given antibiotics only rarely and strictly for veterinary purposes. Microcosms were monitored for 6 months using quantitative PCR targeting 16S rRNA genes (a measure of bacterial biomass), intI1, erm(B), tet(A), tet(W) and tet(X). Swine manure had 10- to 100-fold higher levels of ARGs than the dairy manure, all of which decayed over time after being applied to soil. A modified Collins–Selleck model described the decay of ARGs in the soil microcosms well, particularly the characteristic in which the decay rate declined over time. By the completion of the soil microcosm experiments, ARGs in the dairy manure-amended soils returned to background levels, whereas the ARGs in swine manure remained elevated compared to control microcosms. Our research suggests that the use of subtherapeutic use of antibiotics in animal feed could lead to the accumulation of ARGs in soils to which manure is applied.

https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/92/2/fiw001/2484786?login=true