摘要

       堆肥在农业中的应用导致了土壤环境中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和重金属抗性基因（MRGs）的积累。在这项研究中，研究了有氧堆肥过程中 ARGs 和 MRGs 对竹炭 (BC) 和竹醋 (BV) 的响应。结果表明，BC+BV处理降低了嗜热期ARGs和移动遗传元件（MGEs）的丰度，并在降温期实现了最低的回弹。 BC + BV 促进厚壁菌的生长，从而促进堆肥的高温期。 ARGs 和 MGEs 的反弹可以通过在堆肥结束时增加放线菌和变形菌的丰度来解释。堆肥降低了包含 pcoA、tcrB 和 cueO 的 MRGs 的丰度，而 cusA 和 copA 表明重金属对细菌施加的选择压力。 ARGs 的命运主要由 MGEs 驱动，重金属解释了 MRGs 的大部分变化。有趣的是，氮转化对 ARG 和 MRG 谱也有重要影响。我们目前的研究结果表明，在堆肥制备过程中添加 BC + BV 是控制 ARGs 和 MRGs 流动性的有效方法，从而减少环境问题。

        The application of compost in agriculture has led to the accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) in the soil environment. In this study, the response of ARGs and MRGs to bamboo charcoal (BC) and bamboo vinegar (BV) during aerobic composting was investigated. Results showed that BC + BV treatment reduced the abundances of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) during the thermophilic period, as well as achieved the lowest rebound during the cooling period. BC + BV promoted the growth of Firmicutes, thereby facilitating the thermophilic period of composting. The rebound of ARGs and MGEs can be explained by increasing the abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria at the end of composting. Composting reduced the abundances of MRGs comprising pcoA, tcrB, and cueO, whereas cusA and copA indicated the selective pressure imposed by heavy metals on bacteria. The fate of ARGs was mainly driven by MGEs, and heavy metals explained most of the variation in MRGs. Interestingly, nitrogen conversion also had an important effect on ARG and MRG profiles. Our current findings suggest that the addition of BC + BV during compost preparation is an effective method in controlling the mobility of ARGs and MRGs, thereby reducing the environmental problems.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749119308292