摘要

       神经发生不限于胚胎阶段，而是在整个生命过程中在成人大脑中不断进行。 表观遗传机制，包括 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码 RNA，在神经发生中发挥重要作用。 几十年来，DNA 甲基化被认为是一种稳定的修饰，除了早期胚胎的去甲基化。 近年来，已证明 DNA 甲基化在发展过程中是动态的。 在这篇综述中，我们总结了对神经发生中 DNA 甲基化动力学的最新理解，包括不同甲基化形式（5-甲基胞嘧啶、5-羟甲基胞嘧啶、5-甲酰胞嘧啶和 5-羧基胞嘧啶）的作用，以及它们的“作者”，“ 读者与组蛋白修饰的相互作用。 

       Neurogenesis is not limited to the embryonic stage, but continually proceeds in the adult brain throughout life. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification and noncoding RNA, play important roles in neurogenesis. For decades, DNA methylation was thought to be a stable modification, except for demethylation in the early embryo. In recent years, DNA methylation has proved to be dynamic during development. In this review, we summarize the latest understanding about DNA methylation dynamics in neurogenesis, including the roles of different methylation forms (5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine), as well as their ‘writers’, ‘readers’ and interactions with histone modifications.

https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/abs/10.2217/epi.15.119