摘要

       在从中国海河 72 公里长的河段收集的水和沉积物样品中，对抗生素和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的出现进行了量化。在许多样品中，通过定量 PCR 未检测到四环素抗性基因（tetW、tetQ、tetO、tetT、tetM、tetB 和 tetS）。相比之下，sul1 和 sul2（代表磺胺耐药性）在所有（38 个）样品中都以相对较高的浓度存在。在夏季收集的沉积物样品中，检测到的最高 ARG 浓度为 (7.8 ± 1.0) × 109 拷贝/g sul1 和 (1.7 ± 0.2) × 1011 拷贝/g sul2。相应的总细菌浓度（用通用 16S-rDNA 探针定量）为 (3.3 ± 0.4) × 1012 个细胞/克。沉积物中 Sul1 和 sul2 的浓度比水中高 120~2000 倍，说明沉积物是海河重要的 ARG 水库。统计分析表明，这些 ARG（即 sul1/16S-rDNA 和 sul2/16S-rDNA）的相对丰度与磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺嘧啶和磺胺氯利达嗪的总浓度呈正相关，表明磺胺类药物对这些 ARG 施加了选择压力。 1 类整合子与 sul1 的传播有关。总体而言，磺胺 ARG 的广泛分布强调需要更好地了解和减轻它们在环境中的传播以及对公共健康的相关风险。

       The occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was quantified in water and sediment samples collected from a 72 km stretch of the Haihe River, China. Tetracycline resistance genes (tetW, tetQ, tetO, tetT, tetM, tetB, and tetS) were not detected by quantitative PCR in many samples. In contrast, sul1 and sul2 (coding for sulfonamide resistance) were present at relatively high concentrations in all (38) samples. The highest ARG concentrations detected were (7.8 ± 1.0) × 109 copies/g for sul1 and (1.7 ± 0.2) × 1011 copies/g for sul2, in sediment samples collected during the summer. The corresponding total bacterial concentration (quantified with a universal 16S-rDNA probe) was (3.3 ± 0.4) × 1012 cells/g. Sul1 and sul2 concentrations in sediments were 120−2000 times higher than that in water, indicating that sediments are an important ARG reservoir in the Haihe River. Statistical analysis indicated a positive correlation between the relative abundance of these ARGs (i.e., sul1/16S-rDNA and sul2/16S-rDNA) and the total concentration of sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, plus sulfachlororyridazine, suggesting that sulfonamides exerted selective pressure for these ARGs. A class 1 integron was implicated in the propagation of sul1. Overall, the widespread distribution of sulfonamide ARGs underscores the need to better understand and mitigate their propagation in the environment and the associated risks to public health.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es100233w