摘要

       这项工作调查了位于中国山东省的九个养猪场中编码磺胺和四环素抗生素抗性的抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的传播，并检查了它们通过各种农场处理过程去除的可能性。结果表明，目标 ARGs 广泛分布于猪粪中，平均相对丰度范围从 3.3 × 10−5 (tetC) 到 5.2 × 10−1 (tetO)，在猪粪中从 7.3 × 10−3 (tetC) 到1.7 × 10−1 (tetO) 在猪废水中。平均相对 ARG 丰度范围从土壤中的 9.9 × 10−5 (tetW) 到 1.1 × 10−2 (tetO)，在接收河流沉积物中从 3.1 × 10−4 (tetW) 到 1.1 × 10−2 (sul2)，表明猪粪堆肥的农田应用和猪废水的排放促进了 ARGs 向邻近环境的传播。微生物发酵床 (MFB) 可以将相对 ARG 丰度降低 0-1.18 个对数。然而，化粪池、沼气池和自然干燥方法对 ARG 去除效果相对较差，一些 ARGs（即 tetC、tetG、sul1 和 sul2）的相对丰度在处理后的废物中甚至增加了 0.74-3.90 log。细菌多样性分析表明，MFB 中细菌群落的进化在消除 ARG 方面发挥了关键作用。这项研究有助于有效评估和管理猪饲养场中 ARGs 引起的生态风险。

       This work investigated the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) encoding resistance to sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics in nine swine feedlots located in Shandong Province of China, and examined their potential removal by various on-farm treatment processes. Results indicate that the target ARGs were widely distributed in swine wastes, with mean relative abundances ranging from 3.3 × 10−5 (tetC) to 5.2 × 10−1 (tetO) in swine manure and from 7.3 × 10−3 (tetC) to 1.7 × 10−1 (tetO) in swine wastewater. The mean relative ARG abundances ranged from 9.9 × 10−5 (tetW) to 1.1 × 10−2 (tetO) in soils and from 3.1 × 10−4 (tetW) to 1.1 × 10−2 (sul2) in receiving river sediments, indicating that the farmland application of swine manure compost and the discharge of swine wastewater promoted the dissemination of ARGs into adjacent environments. Microbial fermentation bed (MFB) could reduce the relative ARG abundances by 0–1.18 logs. However, septic tank, biogas digester and natural drying methods were relatively ineffective for ARG removal, and the relative abundances of some ARGs (i.e., tetC, tetG, sul1, and sul2) even increased by 0.74–3.90 logs in treated wastes. Bacterial diversity analysis indicates that the evolution of bacterial communities in the MFB played a crucial role in eliminating the ARGs. This study helps the effective assessment and management of ecological risks arising from ARGs in swine feedlots.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653516313856