摘要

       在饮用水中越来越多地发现病原体和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 已成为全球最具挑战性的全球健康威胁之一。然而，饮用水处理厂 (DWTP) 中的常规消毒策略需要进一步优化以对抗抗生素耐药性。在这里，我们展示了含季铵盐的抗菌树脂 (AMRs-QAS) 在减少 DWTP 中相对抵抗氯或紫外线消毒的特定潜在病原体方面表现出巨大潜力，并且使用显微镜和荧光技术的综合分析表明 AMRs- QAS主要通过细菌吸附和细胞膜解离进行。此外，在30个选定的ARG中，共有15个，以及4个选定的潜在病原体，包括铜绿假单胞菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌，均在源水中检测到。对于饮用水中所有检测到的病原体和 ARG，将 AMRs-QAS 与 0.2mg/L 氯结合导致比氯化（2mg/L）或紫外线消毒（400mJcm-2）更高的去除效率，并显着降低了相对丰度铜绿假单胞菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌以及所有检测到的 ARG（p<0.05）。相关网络揭示了病原体和 ARGs 的共同出现，并可能解释了 ARGs 的去除。这种耦合消毒策略克服了个体消毒方法的局限性，即在细菌种群中富集特定病原体和 ARG，并为最大程度地减少 DWTP 中抗生素耐药性引起的健康风险提供了一种替代方法。

       The increasing finding of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in drinking water has become one of the most challenging global health threats worldwide. However, conventional disinfection strategies in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) require further optimization in combating the antibiotic resistome. Here, we show that antimicrobial resins with quaternary ammonium salts (AMRs-QAS) exhibit great potentials in diminishing specific potential pathogens that relatively resist chlorine or UV disinfection in DWTPs, and comprehensive analyses using microscopy and fluorescence techniques revealed that the antimicrobial capacity of AMRs-QAS mainly proceed via the bacterial adsorption and cell membrane dissociation. Moreover, a total of 15 among 30 selected ARGs, as well as 4 selected potential pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were all detected in the source water. Coupling the AMRs-QAS with 0.2 mg/L chlorine resulted in higher removal efficiencies than chlorination (2 mg/L) or UV disinfection (400 mJ cm−2) for all the detected pathogens and ARGs in drinking water and significantly decreased the relative abundances of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, as well as all the detected ARGs (p < 0.05). Co-occurrences of pathogens and ARGs were revealed by a correlation network and possibly accounts for the ARGs removal. This coupled disinfection strategy overcomes the limitations of individual disinfection methods, i.e. the enrichment of specific pathogens and ARGs among bacterial populations, and provides an alternative for minimizing health risks induced by the antibiotic resistome in DWTPs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653519300487