摘要

       抗生素残留、抗生素抗性细菌 (ARB) 和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 被认为是新类别的水污染物，因为它们对水生生态系统和人类健康有潜在的不利影响。本文提供了在传统活性污泥 (CAS) 和膜生物反应器 (MBR) 系统的原始进水和不同处理阶段中出现 19 种抗生素、对 10 种抗生素具有抗性的细菌和 15 种 ARG 的综合数据。在原始进水中检测到 19 种目标抗生素中的 17 种，浓度高达每升 10 微克。与原始进水相比，二级出水中测得的抗生素浓度要低得多。在抗生素中，阿莫西林、阿奇霉素、环丙沙星、氯霉素、美罗培南、米诺环素、土霉素、磺胺二甲嘧啶和万古霉素在CAS或MBR系统中的去除率最高，中位去除效率（RE）>70%，而甲氧苄啶和林可霉素在CAS系统中的去除率较低中位 RE <50%。同样，目标 ARB 和 ARGs 在原始进水样品中无处不在，平均浓度分别高达 2.6×106CFU/mL 和 2.0×107 基因拷贝/mL。 CAS 系统二级出水中 ARB 的浓度相对于原始进水下降（即比原始进水低 2-3 个数量级），并且在 MBR 系统的 MF 渗透物中未检测到 ARB。对于 ARG，它们在二级流出物/MF 渗透物中的浓度范围从低于方法量化限值 (

       Antibiotic residues, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are considered new classes of water contaminants due to their potential adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. This paper provides comprehensive data on the occurrences of 19 antibiotics, bacteria resistant to 10 antibiotics, and 15 ARGs in raw influent and different treatment stages of conventional activated sludge (CAS) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems. Seventeen out of the 19 target antibiotics were detected in raw influent with concentrations of up to ten micrograms per liter. Concentrations of antibiotics measured in the secondary effluent were much lower compared to those in the raw influent. Among the antibiotics, amoxicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, meropenem, minocycline, oxytetracycline, sulfamethazine and vancomycin had highest removal by CAS or MBR systems with median removal efficiency (RE) > 70%, while trimethoprim and lincomycin were recalcitrant in the CAS system with median RE <50%. Similarly, the target ARB and ARGs were omnipresent in the raw influent samples with average concentrations as high as 2.6 × 106 CFU/mL and 2.0 × 107 gene copies/mL, respectively. The concentrations of ARB in secondary effluent of the CAS system declined relative to the raw influent (i.e. lower than raw influent by 2–3 orders of magnitude) and no ARB were detected in the MF permeate of the MBR system. For ARGs, their concentrations in secondary effluent/MF permeate ranged from below method quantification limit (

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135418306900