摘要

抗生素及相应的耐药菌和耐药基因( ARGs )通常被认为是新兴污染物。为评价以粪尿为药物原型去除四环素( TC )和磺胺( SA )抗生素的效果，在山东省4个试验点采集了长期施用鸡粪的农田土壤。在本研究中，细菌对同一抗生素的耐药率随着抗生素浓度的增加而降低，对TCs的耐药率低于对SAs的耐药率。PCR检测结果表明，以TC抗性基因tetW和tetO以及SA抗性基因su1和su2是检出率最高的ARGs。qPCR结果表明，施用鸡粪的农田土壤中精氨酸含量显著高于对照土壤。此外，所有土壤样品中sul ARGs的数量与总SA浓度之间均存在显著相关( R2 = 0.9525，p < 0.05 )。综上所述，SAs可诱导ARGs的出现，污染土壤环境。

Antibiotics and the corresponding resistant bacteria and resistance genes (ARGs) are generally considered emerging pollutants. To assess the impacts of tetracycline (TC) and sulfonamide (SA) antibiotics that are eliminated with fecaluria as drug prototypes, farmland soil used to research long-term fertilization with chicken manure was collected at four sites in Shandong Province. In this study, the rates of bacterial drug resistance to the same antibiotic decreased with an increase in the concentration of that antibiotic, and the resistance rates to TCs were lower than those to SAs. PCR of ARGs revealed that the ARGs detected at the highest frequency were the TC resistance genes tetW and tetO and the SA resistance genes sul1 and sul2. Real-time qPCR showed that the quantities of ARGs in farmland soil fertilized with chicken manure were significantly greater compared with the control soil. Moreover, significant correlations (R2 = 0.9525,p < 0.05) between the number of sul ARGs and the total SA concentration were observed in all of the soil samples. In summary, this study showed that SAs can induce the appearance of ARGs and pollute the soil environment.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717305740