摘要

       制药废污泥中含有大量抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和移动遗传元件（MGEs），有必要研究污泥处理过程中ARGs和MGEs的减少情况。因此，在厌氧消化（AD）、微波（MW）、热水解（TH）和臭氧预处理过程中，研究了肠球菌的抗生素抗性表型和基因型，以及基因组DNA中的ARGs和MGEs。结果表明，污泥预处理增加了肠球菌耐药表型和基因型的出现。在 AD 期间，肠球菌对大环内酯类的抗性下降，除了在 MW 预处理的污泥中。肠球菌中的水平基因转移和 ermB 和 tetM 的共存导致整个污泥处理过程中肠球菌的四环素抗性增加。 MGEs如intI1、ISCR1和Tn916/1545对ARGs的分布有显着影响。 AD 与预处理，尤其是 TH 预处理，导致更大的 ARGs 和 MGEs 减少并提高甲烷产量。

       Pharmaceutical waste sludge harbors large amounts of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and it is necessary to study the reduction of ARGs and MGEs during sludge treatment. Therefore, the antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes of enterococci, and the ARGs and MGEs in genomic DNA were investigated during anaerobic digestion (AD) with microwave (MW), thermal hydrolysis (TH) and ozone pretreatment. Results showed that sludge pretreatment increased the occurrence of the resistance phenotypes and genotypes of enterococci. During AD, the resistance of enterococci to macrolides decreased, except for in the MW-pretreated sludge. Horizontal gene transfer and co-occurrence of ermB and tetM in enterococci resulted in increased tetracycline resistance of enterococci throughout the sludge treatment. MGEs such as intI1, ISCR1 and Tn916/1545 had a significant effect on the distribution of ARGs. AD with pretreatment, especially TH pretreatment, resulted in greater ARGs and MGEs reduction and improved methane production.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960852417303851