摘要

       人类微生物组是复杂的生态系统，涉及细菌、病毒、古细菌或真核生物，它们在受到各种选择压力（例如抗生素施用、饮食和/或生活方式）的环境中共同进化。在这种同域生活方式中，竞争非常激烈，抗生素分子和/或抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的合成是生物体为了生存而开发的一种解决方案。这种环境成为病原菌 ARG 的重要来源，导致多重耐药菌感染的风险。培养和宏基因组学是研究这些微生物组的两种互补方法，目的是更好地了解人体中存在的细菌和 ARG 的类型，以及调节这些 ARG 丰度和多样性的因素。本综述的目的是确定影响多药耐药细菌和/或 ARG 定植和繁殖的因素，并确定已经使用培养组学和宏基因组学技术从人类微生物群中分离的耐药基因和多药耐药细菌。

       Human microbiomes are complex ecosystems involving bacteria, viruses, archaea or eukaryotes that are co-evolving in an environment subject to various selective pressures, such as antibiotic administration, diet and/or lifestyle. In this sympatric lifestyle, competition is hard and the synthesis of antibiotic molecules and/or antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is one solution that was developed by the organisms to survive. This environment becomes a large source of ARGs for pathogenic bacteria, leading to the risk of infection due to multidrug resistant bacteria. Culture and metagenomics are two complementary methods developed to study these microbiomes in order to better understand the type of bacteria and ARGs present in the human body, as well as the factors that modulate the abundance and variety of these ARGs. The objective of this review was to identify factors that influence the colonization and propagation of multidrug resistant bacteria and/or ARGs, and to define resistance genes and multidrug resistant bacteria that have already been isolated from the human microbiota using culturomics and metagenomics techniques.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452231718300058