摘要

       被抗生素污染的沼液和残留物被广泛用作蔬菜作物种植的肥料。然而，它们对抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在菜地中传播的影响在很大程度上仍是未知的。在本研究中，通过活菌计数、高通量荧光定量 PCR (HT-qPCR) 和 Illumina MiSeq 测序，对抗生素抗性细菌 (ARB)、ARG 和从猪粪到田间的细菌群落进行了监测。检测到 83 个 ARGs 和 3 个转座子基因。厌氧消化降低了四环素和大环内酯-林可酰胺-链霉菌素 (MLSB) 抗性基因的相对丰度。然而，ARB 的数量和磺胺、氨基糖苷类和氟苯尼考、氯霉素和氨苄醇 (FCA) 抗性基因的相对丰度分别在沼渣中富集了 270 倍和 52 倍。长期在田间施用被抗生素污染的沼液和残留物会增加 ARB 的发生率以及 ARG 和转座子基因的相对丰度。此外，用沼液和残留物处理的土壤与对照样品之间的细菌群落显着不同，尤其是拟杆菌门和放线菌门。基于网络分析，19个属被确定为检测到的ARGs的可能宿主。研究结果对合理利用沼液和沼渣具有重要意义。

       Biogas slurry and residue contaminated with antibiotics are widely used as fertilizers in vegetable crop planting. However, their impact on the spreading of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in vegetable fields is still largely unknown. In the present study, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), ARGs and bacterial communities from pig manure to fields were monitored by using viable plate counts, high-throughput fluorescent quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR) and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Eighty-three ARGs and 3 transposons genes were detected. Anaerobic digestion reduced relative abundance of tetracycline and Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin (MLSB) resistance genes. However, the number of ARB and the relative abundance of sulfa, aminoglycoside and florfenicol, chloramphenicol, and amphenicol (FCA) resistance genes, respectively, enriched up to 270 times and 52 times in biogas residue. Long-term application of biogas slurry and residue contaminated with antibiotics in fields increased the rate of ARB as well as relative abundance of ARGs and transposons genes. Additionally, bacterial communities significantly differed between the soil treated with biogas slurry and residue and the control sample, especially the phyla Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Based on network analysis, 19 genera were identified as possible hosts of the detected ARGs. Our results provide an important significance for reasonable application of biogas slurry and residue.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389417307872