摘要

       抗生素耐药性 (AR) 广泛存在于各种环境中，对公众和环境健康构成新的威胁。垃圾填埋场通过生活垃圾和废物中的 AR（例如活性污泥和非法临床废物）接收未使用和不需要的抗生素，并被认为是重要的 AR 储存库。在这项研究中，我们使用依赖培养的方法和定量分子技术来检测和量化来自中国六个不同地理垃圾填埋场的 12 个垃圾渗滤液样本中的抗生素抗性细菌 (ARB) 和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG)。在所有样品中广泛检测到五种测试的 ARG（tetO、tetW、bla TEM、sulI 和 sulII）和七种抗生素抗性异养 ARB，表明它们在垃圾填埋场中出现。检测到的 ARG 与 16S 核糖体 RNA (rRNA) 基因拷贝的高比率（10-2 到 10-5）表明 ARG 在垃圾填埋场中很普遍。相关性分析表明，ARGs（tetO、tetW、sulI 和 sulII）与环境细菌 16S rRNA 基因拷贝显着相关，表明垃圾渗滤液中细菌的丰度可能在 ARGs 的水平传播中起重要作用。

       Antibiotic resistance (AR) is extensively present in various environments, posing emerging threat to public and environmental health. Landfill receives unused and unwanted antibiotics through household waste and AR within waste (e.g., activated sludge and illegal clinical waste) and is supposed to serve as an important AR reservoir. In this study, we used culture-dependent methods and quantitative molecular techniques to detect and quantify antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 12 landfill leachate samples from six geographic different landfills, China. Five tested ARGs (tetO, tetW, bla TEM, sulI, and sulII) and seven kinds of antibiotic-resistant heterotrophic ARB were extensively detected in all samples, demonstrating their occurrence in landfill. The detected high ratio (10−2 to 10−5) of ARGs to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene copies implied that ARGs are prevalent in landfill. Correlation analysis showed that ARGs (tetO, tetW, sulI, and sulII) significantly correlated to ambient bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies, suggesting that the abundance of bacteria in landfill leachate may play an important role in the horizontal spread of ARGs.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-015-4514-7