摘要

       抗生素抗性基因 (ARG)、人类致病菌 (HPB) 和抗生素抗性 HPB (ARHPB) 从动物饲养场传播到附近环境对环境生态和公共健康构成潜在的高风险。在这里，采用宏基因组分析来探索 ARG、HPB 和 ARHPB 从猪饲养场到周围河流和农业土壤的传播。在所有样品中总共检测到不可检测 (ND)-1,628.4μg/kg 抗生素残留、18 种 ARGs、48 种 HPB 物种和 216 种 ARB 分离株。养猪场抗生素残留主要迁移到河流沉积物和温室土壤中。猪饲养场的主要 ARG 和 HPB 物种扩散到河流沉积物（四环素抗性基因、艰难梭菌和结核分枝杆菌）、河流水（多药耐药（MDR）基因、福氏志贺菌和百日咳博德特氏菌）和温室土壤（MDR 基因） 、炭疽芽孢杆菌和布鲁氏菌）。令人担忧的是，所有样本的 216 株 ARB 分离株中有 54.4% 是潜在的 ARHPB 种，4 株 MDR HPB 分离株的基因组测序和功能注释显示 9 种 ARG 类型。我们的研究结果揭示了抗生素残留、ARG、HPB 和 ARHPB 通过猪污水排放和粪便施肥从猪饲养场到周围河流和农业土壤的潜在迁移和传播。

       The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), human pathogenic bacteria (HPB), and antibiotic-resistant HPB (ARHPB) from animal feedlot to nearby environment poses a potentially high risk to environmental ecology and public health. Here, a metagenomic analysis was employed to explore the dissemination of ARGs, HPB, and ARHPB from a pig feedlot to surrounding stream and agricultural soils. In total, not detectable (ND)-1,628.4 μg/kg of antibiotic residues, 18 types of ARGs, 48 HPB species, and 216 ARB isolates were detected in all samples. Antibiotic residues from pig feedlot mainly migrated into stream sediments and greenhouse soil. The dominant ARGs and HPB species from pig feedlot spread into stream sediments (tetracycline resistance genes, Clostridium difficile, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis), stream water (multidrug resistance (MDR) genes, Shigella flexneri, and Bordetella pertussis), and greenhouse soil (MDR genes, Bacillus anthracis, and Brucella melitensis). It is concerning that 54.4% of 216 ARB isolates from all samples were potential ARHPB species, and genome sequencing and functional annotation of 4 MDR HPB isolates showed 9 ARG types. Our findings revealed the potential migration and dissemination of antibiotic residues, ARGs, HPB, and ARHPB from pig feedlot to surrounding stream and agricultural soils via pig sewage discharge and manure fertilization.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389418304205