摘要

      环境抗生素耐药性因其对人类健康的巨大威胁而引起越来越多的关注。在这项研究中，我们调查了抗生素（四环素类、磺胺类和（氟）喹诺酮类）的浓度和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的丰度，包括四环素类抗性基因、磺胺类抗性基因和质粒介导的喹诺酮类抗性基因，并分析了细菌群落中国广东水产养殖环境的组成。磺胺甲氧二嗪、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、土霉素、金霉素、强力霉素、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星和恩诺沙星在沉积物和水样中的浓度分别高达 446 μg kg-1 和 98.6 ng L-1。 ARGs (sul1, sul2, sul3, tetM, tetO, tetW, tetS, tetQ, tetX, tetB/P, qepA, oqxA, oqxB, aac(aac) ')-Ib 和 qnrS) 高达 2.8 × 10-2。沉积物样品中的优势门是变形菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门，水样中的变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门。还观察到与病原体相关的属，例如不动杆菌属、弧杆菌属和梭菌属。本研究全面调查了中国水产养殖环境中的抗生素、ARGs 和细菌群落组成。结果表明，鱼塘是 ARG 的储存库，鱼塘中潜在的抗药性和病原体相关分类群的存在可能意味着对人类健康的潜在风险。

      Environmental antibiotic resistance has drawn increasing attention due to its great threat to human health. In this study, we investigated concentrations of antibiotics (tetracyclines, sulfonamides and (fluoro)quinolones) and abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, and analyzed bacterial community composition in aquaculture environment in Guangdong, China. The concentrations of sulfametoxydiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin were as high as 446 μg kg−1 and 98.6 ng L−1 in sediment and water samples, respectively. The relative abundances (ARG copies/16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene copies) of ARGs (sul1, sul2, sul3, tetM, tetO, tetW, tetS, tetQ, tetX, tetB/P, qepA, oqxA, oqxB, aac(6′)-Ib, and qnrS) were as high as 2.8 × 10−2. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes in sediment samples and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in water samples. The genera associated with pathogens were also observed, such as Acinetobacter, Arcobacter, and Clostridium. This study comprehensively investigated antibiotics, ARGs, and bacterial community composition in aquaculture environment in China. The results indicated that fish ponds are reservoirs of ARGs and the presence of potential resistant and pathogen-associated taxonomic groups in fish ponds might imply the potential risk to human health.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00248-015-0583-x