摘要

      抗生素抗性基因 (ARG)、人类致病菌 (HPB) 和携带 ARG 的 HPB 是对水生环境和公众健康构成高风险的公共问题。使用宏基因组学方法研究了它们在对虾养殖池塘的水、肠道和沉积物中的多样性和丰度。共发现了 19 类 ARG、52 种 HPB 和 7 种携带 ARG 的 HPB。此外，在虾肠、池塘水和沉积物样品中分别检测到 157、104 和 86 种 ARGs 亚型。在所有样本中，多药耐药基因是 ARG 中丰度最高的一类。虾肠中的优势HPB分别为粪肠球菌、沉积物中的副溶血性弧菌和水中的永戈分枝杆菌。此外，在虾肠中发现了携带 efrA、efrB 和 ANT(6)-Ia 的粪肠球菌 (contig Intestine_364647) 和粪肠球菌 (contig Intestine_80272)，在虾肠中发现了 Desulfosaricina cetonica (contig Sediment_825143) 和大肠杆菌(contig Sediment_825143) 和大肠杆菌(Eschering (3′)-IIa 被发现在沉积物中，Laribacter hongkongensis (contig Water_478168 and Water_369477)、Shigella Sonnei (contig Water_880246) 和 Acinetobacter baumannii (contig Water_525520) 携带 sul1、sulac2、emph2、e在池塘水中被发现。移动遗传元件（MGEs）分析表明，整合子、插入序列和质粒的水平基因转移（HGT）存在于虾肠、沉积物和水样中，并且整合子的丰度高于其他两种MGE。结果表明携带 ARG 的 HPB 可能存在于水生环境中，这有助于环境和公共卫生风险评估。

      Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), human pathogenic bacteria (HPB), and HPB carrying ARGs are public issues that pose a high risk to aquatic environments and public health. Their diversity and abundance in water, intestine, and sediments of shrimp culture pond were investigated using metagenomic approach. A total of 19 classes of ARGs, 52 HPB species, and 7 species of HPB carrying ARGs were found. Additionally, 157, 104, and 86 subtypes of ARGs were detected in shrimp intestine, pond water, and sediment samples, respectively. In all the samples, multidrug resistance genes were the highest abundant class of ARGs. The dominant HPB was Enterococcus faecalis in shrimp intestine, Vibrio parahaemolyticus in sediments, and Mycobacterium yongonense in water, respectively. Moreover, E. faecalis (contig Intestine_364647) and Enterococcus faecium (contig Intestine_80272) carrying efrA, efrB and ANT(6)-Ia were found in shrimp intestine, Desulfosaricina cetonica (contig Sediment_825143) and Escherichia coli (contig Sediment_188430) carrying mexB and APH(3′)-IIa were found in sediments, and Laribacter hongkongensis (contig Water_478168 and Water_369477), Shigella sonnei (contig Water_880246), and Acinetobacter baumannii (contig Water_525520) carrying sul1, sul2, ereA, qacH, OXA-21, and mphD were found in pond water. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) analysis indicated that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of integrons, insertion sequences, and plasmids existed in shrimp intestine, sediment, and water samples, and the abundance of integrons was higher than that of other two MGEs. The results suggested that HPB carrying ARGs potentially existed in aquatic environments, and that these contributed to the environment and public health risk evaluation.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1001074218315845