摘要 

       在中国南方珠江三角洲（PRD）地区的六个农业地点调查了四环素（TC）和磺胺二甲嘧啶（SMZ）以及相应的抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的发生和分布。分析了两种不同深度（0-10 和 10-20 厘米）的灌溉水和灌溉土壤。灌溉水中 TC 和 SMZ 的总浓度分别为 69.3 至 234 ng/L 和 4.00 至 58.2 ng/L，而灌溉土壤中 TC 和 SMZ 的总浓度范围为 5.00 至 21.9 μg/kg 和分别为 1.30 至 4.20 μg/kg。田间生活污水和鱼塘污水长期灌溉后，鱼塘灌溉土壤（东莞和深圳）土壤中残留的TC和SMZ及其相应的ARG显着高于生活污水灌溉土壤（佛山、广州、惠州、中山）。灌溉水中抗生素及其 ARGs 的浓度显着高于灌溉土壤，这表明废水是土壤环境中抗生素的主要来源。生活污水和鱼塘污水是抗生素及其 ARG 的重要储存库，需要对其进行有效处理才能排放到环境中。其他因素，如土壤理化特性、肥料施用、灌溉水源和种植模式，也会影响抗生素浓度和 ARG 丰度。残留抗生素浓度与灌溉水和灌溉土壤中相应的 ARGs 存在统计学相关性，两者均随着土壤深度的增加而降低，表明环境中抗生素的浓度对环境中的微生物施加了选择压力。

       The occurrence and distribution of tetracycline (TC) and sulfamethazine (SMZ), and the corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated in six agricultural sites in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in southern China. Irrigation water and irrigated soils at two different depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm) were analyzed. The total concentrations of TC and SMZ in irrigation water ranged from 69.3 to 234 ng/L and from 4.00 to 58.2 ng/L, respectively, while the total concentrations of TC and SMZ in irrigated soils ranged from 5.00 to 21.9 μg/kg and from 1.30 to 4.20 μg/kg, respectively. After long-term irrigation with domestic and fishpond wastewater in the field, the residual TC and SMZ and their corresponding ARGs in soils were significantly higher in fishpond-irrigated soils (Dongguan and Shenzhen) than in domestic wastewater-irrigated soils (Foshan, Guangzhou, Huizhou and Zhongshan). The concentrations of antibiotics and their ARGs were significantly higher in irrigation water than in irrigated soils, which indicated that wastewater was the primary source of antibiotics in the soil environments. The domestic and fishpond wastewater were important repositories of antibiotics and their ARGs, which require effective treatment before their discharge into the environment. Other factors such as soil physicochemical properties, manure application, irrigation water sources and cropping patterns also affect the antibiotic concentrations and ARG abundances. The residual antibiotic concentrations statistically correlated with the corresponding ARGs in irrigation water and irrigated soils, both of which decreased with increasing soil depth, indicating that the concentration of antibiotics in the environment exerted a selection pressure on the microorganisms in the environment.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969717334277