摘要 

       小规模家禽养殖在发展中国家的农村社区很常见。为了检查小规模家禽养殖作为耐药性决定因素库的程度，在厄瓜多尔北部一个农村接受抗生素的生产鸡和未接受抗生素的自由放养的家庭鸡之间比较了粪便样本的耐药性。 qPCR 阵列用于使用 248 对引物对抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 和移动遗传元件 (MGE) 进行量化；并通过16S rRNA基因测序分析微生物组结构。检测到大量 ARGs (148) 和 MGEs (29)。生产鸡的 ARG 丰富度显着高于家庭鸡，平均检测到 15 个以上的基因（p < 0.01）。此外，生产鸡中的 ARG 和 MGE 比家庭鸡中的要丰富得多（差异高达 157 倍）。生产鸡样本的分类多样性显着较低，并且在 Gammaproteobacteria、Betaproteobacteria 和 Flavobacteria 中更为丰富。在小规模家禽养殖中发现的 ARGs 和 MGEs 的丰度和多样性与以前在大规模动物生产中发现的水平相当，这表明这些鸡可以作为将 ARGs 传播到农村社区的当地水库。

       Small-scale poultry farming is common in rural communities across the developing world. To examine the extent to which small-scale poultry farming serves as a reservoir for resistance determinants, the resistome of fecal samples was compared between production chickens that received antibiotics and free-ranging household chickens that received no antibiotics from a rural village in northern Ecuador. A qPCR array was used to quantify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) using 248 primer pairs; and the microbiome structure was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A large number of ARGs (148) and MGEs (29) were detected. The ARG richness in production chickens was significantly higher than that of household chickens with an average of 15 more genes detected (p < 0.01). Moreover, ARGs and MGEs were much more abundant in production chickens than in household chickens (up to a 157-fold difference). Production chicken samples had significantly lower taxonomic diversity and were more abundant in Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Flavobacteria. The high abundance and diversity of ARGs and MGEs found in small-scale poultry farming was comparable to the levels previously found in large scale animal production, suggesting that these chickens could act as a local reservoir for spreading ARGs into rural communities.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.8b01667