摘要 

       抗生素耐药性是重要的健康问题之一。由于抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 可以转移到人-动物-生态系统循环中的病原菌，因此它们被视为新出现的污染物。然而，人们对水环境中 ARGs 的流行情况知之甚少。在我们的研究中，我们调查了日本两个流域中 ARG 的发生情况。 2018 年 10 月在东京多摩河采集水样。2018 年 11 月在茨城县霞浦湖进行了另一次采样。四个 ARGs（blaTEM 编码超广谱 β-内酰胺酶，sul 编码磺胺耐药性，tetA 编码耐药性）通过定量 PCR 确定了四环素、编码对大环内酯-林可酰胺-链霉素的抗性的 ere(A) 和一种移动遗传元件（intI1 编码整合子）。在多摩河，在接收废水出水之前，blaTEM 和 ere(A) 在最上游点低于定量限值。然而，他们在接收污水处理厂的出水后就以 106-107 份/升的数量级跃升。由于废水的影响，其他 ARGs 和 intI1 的浓度也增加了。在霞浦湖，靠近废水排放点和樱花河河口的采样点的intI1、sul1和ere(A)的拷贝数最高。所有目标基因均在湖中最远点检测到，表明ARGs在水环境中具有持久性。为了维持可持续的水环境，有必要对污水处理厂释放的 ARGs 进行监测。

       Antibiotic resistance is one of the important health issues. Since antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can transfer to pathogenic bacteria in the circulation of human-animal-ecosystems, they are regarded as emerging contaminants. However, little is known about the prevalence of ARGs in water environment. In our study, we investigated the occurrence of ARGs in two watersheds in Japan. Water samples were collected in Tama River in Tokyo in October 2018. Another sampling was conducted in Lake Kasumigaura in Ibaraki Prefecture in November 2018. Four ARGs (blaTEM encoding extended spectrum β-lactamase, sulI encoding the resistance to sulphonamide, tetA encoding the resistance to tetracycline, ere(A) encoding the resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin) and one mobile genetic element (intI1 encoding integron) were determined by quantitative PCR. In Tama River, blaTEM and ere(A) were below quantification limit at the most upstream point before receiving wastewater effluent. However, they jumped up in the order of 106–107 copies/L just after receiving the effluent from wastewater treatment plants. The concentrations of the other ARGs and intI1 also increased due to the impact of wastewater effluent. In Lake Kasumigaura, the sampling point which was close to the discharge point of wastewater effluent and the mouth of Sakura River showed the highest copy numbers of intI1, sul1, and ere(A). All target genes were detected at the farthest point in the lake, suggesting that ARGs were persistent in water environment. In order to maintain sustainable water environment, monitoring of ARGs released from wastewater treatment plant is necessary.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/266/1/012003/meta