摘要

       兽用抗生素在食用动物生产中的动物生长促进和疾病控制方面发挥着重要作用。超过一半的抗生素用于畜牧业。抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）、抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）及其由畜牧业引起的传播风险引起了广泛关注。我国是世界上最大的畜牧业和兽用抗生素消费大国，但在兽用抗生素的使用、病原体的抗生素耐药水平及其携带的ARGs等方面存在诸多差距，难以控制耐药病原体及其传播风险。通过文献查阅，总结了我国及其他发达国家兽用抗生素使用情况，分析了致病菌AR水平及携带的ARGs、移动遗传元件，以及AR致病菌向环境传播的风险。因此，本文旨在为提高合理用药水平、降低抗生素耐药性病原体的传播风险、建立动物生产中抗生素耐药性污染与公共环境之间的联系提供支持。

       Veterinary antibiotics play an important role in animal growth promotion and disease control in food-animal production. Over a half of total antibiotics is used in animal industry. Antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their spread risk caused by the animal industry have drawn widely attention. China is the biggest country of animal industry and veterinary antibiotics consumption in the world, but many gaps exist about veterinary antibiotics use, antibiotic resistance level of pathogens and their carried ARGs, which are difficult for the control of antibiotic resistance pathogens and its spread risk. Through literature review, the veterinary antibiotic use of China and other developed countries were summarized, the AR level of pathogenic bacteria and the carried ARGs, mobile genetic elements, as well as the spread risk of AR pathogenic bacteria to environment were analyzed. Therefore the purposes of this paper are to provide support for improving rational drug use and reducing the spread risk of antibiotic resistance pathogens, and establishing the linkage of antibiotic resistance pollution from animal production to public environment.

http://www.stdlxb.cn/en/article/doi/10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20150922001