摘要

       猪饲养场被认为是抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的储存库。然而，猪废水中的微生物组和抗生素抗性组及其对接收环境的影响仍有待通过培养独立的宏基因组学进一步探索。我们通过 16S rRNA 基因测序研究了三个养猪场的猪废水微生物多样性和接收环境。利用宏基因组测序进一步研究了用猪废水施肥至少24年的菜地土壤不同深度的抗生素抗性组。 16S rRNA基因测序显示，井水、鱼塘、蔬菜和田间土壤的微生物组受各自养猪场的影响。在所有环境样本中，在 20 个 ARG 和 41 个细菌属之间发现了显着的正相关。宏基因组测序表明，在土壤核心（0-20cm、20-40cm和40-70cm深度）和灌溉水（猪废水）中共发现了79种ARGs。在垂直土壤剖面和废水中检测到抗生素。与未施动物粪肥的菜地相比，用猪废水灌溉的土壤具有更高的ARG多样性和更高浓度的抗生素。在不同深度的土壤核心和猪废水中发现了与整合子相关的支架的共存。结果表明，环境微生物组在养猪场的影响下发生了变化，长期使用粪便/废水导致 ARGs 在更深的土壤中积累 因此应考虑谨慎使用抗生素并合理管理牲畜饲养场中的动物粪便以减少抗生素耐药性向环境的传播。

       Swine feedlots are recognized as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the microbiome and antibiotic resistome in swine wastewater and its impact on receiving environments remain to be further explored by culture independent metagenomics. We investigated the microbial diversity of swine wastewater and the receiving environments in three swine farms by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Metagenomic sequencing was utilized to further study the antibiotic resistome in the different depths of soils in vegetable fields, which had been fertilized with swine wastewater for at least 24 years. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the microbiome of the well water, fishpond, vegetables and the field soils was affected by the respective swine farms. Significant positive correlations were found between 20 ARGs and 41 genus of bacteria across all environmental samples. The metagenomic sequencing showed that a total of 79 types of ARGs were found in soil cores (at depth of 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm and 40–70 cm) and the irrigation water (swine wastewater). Antibiotics were detected in vertical soil profiles and wastewater. Compared with the vegetable fields without animal manure application, the soils irrigated with swine wastewater harbored higher diversity of ARGs and contained higher concentrations of antibiotics. Co-occurrence of integron-related scaffolds was found in different depths of soil cores and the swine wastewater. The results suggest that environmental microbiome was changed under the impact of swine farms, and long-term manure/wastewater application have resulted in the accumulation of ARGs in deeper soils Prudent use of antibiotics and reasonable management of animal wastes in livestock feedlots should therefore be considered to reduce the dissemination of antibiotic resistance to the environment.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969719324222