摘要

       发展中国家抗生素耐药性 (AR) 的迅速出现正在构成更大的健康风险并增加全球疾病负担。由污水处理厂 (STP) 经处理/未经处理的排放物介导的 AR 扩散是一个主要的公共卫生问题。高效的污水处理是我们防止传染病传播的关键防御措施之一。本研究旨在评估好氧 [活性污泥法 (ASP) 和改良滴滤器 (MTF)] 和厌氧反应器（厌氧流通反应器）以及三种消毒技术（紫外线、臭氧和氯化）在减少生活污水中存在 ARB 和 ARG。这三个处理系统在不同的 HRT 下运行了 1 年，并评估了它们在处理常规和新兴污染物（ARB 和 ARG）方面的性能。结果表明，与厌氧反应器相比，好氧反应器中 ARB 和 ARGs 的去除率更高。在各种生物反应器中的处理研究表明，在减少常规污染物和新兴污染物方面，MTF 与 UV/臭氧一起使用优于 ASP 和厌氧流通反应器。然而，在较高的 HRT 下观察到污染物的减少更多。虽然通过使用 MTF 和紫外线或臭氧处理废水观察到大肠菌和 ARB 被完全去除，但在流出物中观察到大量 ARG。因此，需要评估不同的先进有效处理技术，例如过滤（RO）、使用零价铁、TiO2 光催化和其他强氧化剂，以确保完全去除 ARGs 和 ARB。虽然增加这些单位会增加治疗成本，但与目前的 AR 疾病负担相比，增加的成本可以忽略不计。

       Rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance (AR) in developing countries is posing a greater health risk and increasing the global disease burden. AR proliferation mediated by treated/untreated discharges from sewage treatment plants (STPs) is a prime public health concern. Efficient sewage treatment is among our key defenses against the dissemination of infectious diseases. The present study aims to estimate the efficiency of aerobic [activated sludge process (ASP) and modified trickling filter (MTF)] and anaerobic reactors (anaerobic flow-through reactor) along with the three disinfection techniques (UV, ozone and chlorination) in reducing ARB and ARGs present in the domestic sewage. The three treatment systems were operated at different HRTs for 1 year and their performances in terms of treatment of conventional and emerging pollutants (ARB and ARGs) were assessed. The results indicated higher removal of ARB and ARGs in aerobic reactors compared to anaerobic reactor. Treatment studies in various bioreactors showed that the use of MTF along with UV/Ozone was superior to ASP and anaerobic flow-through reactor in reducing both the conventional and emerging pollutants. However, higher reduction of the pollutants was observed at higher HRTs. Though complete removal of coliforms and ARB was observed by treating the wastewater using MTF followed by UV or ozone but substantial levels of ARGs were observed in the effluent. Therefore, different advanced and effective treatment technologies such as filtration (RO), use of zero valent iron, TiO2 photocatalysis and other strong oxidizing agents which can ensure complete removal of ARGs along with ARB need to be evaluated. Though addition of these units will increase the treatment cost, but the increased cost would be negligible compared to the present disease burden of AR.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135417308540