摘要

       抗生素抗性在自然生态系统中古老而普遍，并且在合成抗生素开始使用之前很久就已经进化，但影响天然抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 大规模分布模式的因素在很大程度上仍然未知。在这里，进行了超过 4000 公里的大规模调查，以对人类影响最小的五个森林生物群落的 300 个样方的土壤 ARG、植物群落和细菌群落进行分析。我们在森林中检测到多样且丰富的 ARG，包括 160 多个赋予对八类主要抗生素抗性的基因。 ARGs的多样性与细菌、草本植物和移动遗传元件（MGEs）的多样性呈强正相关。 ARG 组成与细菌和草药的分类结构密切相关。与这种强相关性一致，结构方程模型表明，即使同时考虑多个驱动因素（气候、空间预测因子和土壤因子），细菌和草药群落对 ARG 模式的积极影响仍然存在。这些发现提出了一种范式，即地上和地下群落之间的相互作用塑造了土壤抗性组的大规模分布，为解决新出现的环境抗生素抗性提供了新的知识。

       Antibiotic resistance is ancient and prevalent in natural ecosystems and evolved long before the utilization of synthetic antibiotics started, but factors influencing the large-scale distribution patterns of natural antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) remain largely unknown. Here, a large-scale investigation over 4000 km was performed to profile soil ARGs, plant communities and bacterial communities from 300 quadrats across five forest biomes with minimal human impact. We detected diverse and abundant ARGs in forests, including over 160 genes conferring resistance to eight major categories of antibiotics. The diversity of ARGs was strongly and positively correlated with the diversity of bacteria, herbaceous plants and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The ARG composition was strongly correlated with the taxonomic structure of bacteria and herbs. Consistent with this strong correlation, structural equation modelling demonstrated that the positive effects of bacterial and herb communities on ARG patterns were maintained even when simultaneously accounting for multiple drivers (climate, spatial predictors and edaphic factors). These findings suggest a paradigm that the interactions between aboveground and belowground communities shape the large-scale distribution of soil resistomes, providing new knowledge for tackling the emerging environmental antibiotic resistance.

https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1462-2920.14248