摘要

       污水处理厂 (WWTP) 将人类粪便残留物与环境联系起来，被认为是抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 传播的热点。为了评估污水处理厂的作用和去除 AMR 的基本操作参数，通过 qPCR 评估了一组选定的 6 个抗菌素抗性基因 (ARG) 和 2 个移动遗传元件 (MGE) 的存在和去除效率。来自 62 个荷兰污水处理厂的进水和出水样品。通过统计分析确定了影响进水中 ARGs 和 MGEs 浓度及其去除的可能因素的作用。 ARGs 和 I 类整合子-整合酶基因 (intI1) 平均去除程度与总细菌相似（减少 1.76 log）或更好（+0.30–1.90 log）（以 16S rRNA 基因衡量）。相比之下，广宿主范围质粒 (IncP-1) 处理后的相对丰度显着增加 (p < 0.001)。服务区域内医疗机构的存在只会略微增加流入物中 ARG 或 MGE 的浓度。从操作参数的扩展面板来看，降雨，增加了工厂的水力负荷，最显着地（p < 0.05）通过在流量超过平均每日流量时平均降低 -0.38 对数来影响处理效率。我们的结果表明，总体而言，污水处理厂处理不利于评估的抗性基因的增殖，但可能会增加 IncP-1 型宽宿主范围质粒的相对丰度。

       Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), linking human fecal residues and the environment, are considered as hotspots for the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In order to evaluate the role of WWTPs and underlying operational parameters for the removal of AMR, the presence and removal efficiency of a selected set of 6 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and 2 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was evaluated by means of qPCR in influent and effluent samples from 62 Dutch WWTPs. The role of possible factors impacting the concentrations of ARGs and MGEs in the influent and their removal was identified through statistical analysis. ARGs and the class I integron-integrase gene (intI1) were, on average, removed to a similar extent (1.76 log reduction) or better (+0.30–1.90 logs) than the total bacteria (measured as 16S rRNA gene). In contrast, broad-host-range plasmids (IncP-1) had a significantly increased (p < 0.001) relative abundance after treatment. The presence of healthcare institutions in the area served did only slightly increase the concentrations of ARGs or MGEs in influent. From the extended panel of operational parameters, rainfall, increasing the hydraulic load of the plant, most significantly (p < 0.05) affected the treatment efficiency by decreasing it on average −0.38 logs per time the flow exceeded the average daily flow. Our results suggest that overall, WWTP treatments do not favor the proliferation of the assessed resistance genes but might increase the relative abundance of broad-host-range plasmids of the IncP-1 type.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135419304981