摘要

       磺胺类药物，如磺胺嘧啶 (SDZ)，经常在水和废水中检测到，其毒性和持久性引起了人们的广泛关注。在这项工作中，构建了一种新型电化学膜生物膜反应器 (EMBfR)，用于去除 SDZ，同时抑制抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的发展。结果表明，EMBfR 实现了 94.9% 的 SDZ 去除率，显着高于未施加电场的对照膜生物膜反应器 (MBfR) (44.3%) 或无生物膜的电解反应器 (77.3%)。此外，EMBfR 中 ARGs 的相对丰度仅为 MBfR 中的 32.0%，表明 EMBfR 中 ARGs 的产生受到显着抑制。潜在机制与 (i) 在电场存在下微生物群落结构的变化，导致潜在的芳香族降解微生物的富集（例如，红球菌在 EMBfR 中占总数的 51.0%，而 10.0 MBfR 中的 %) 和 (ii) EMBfR 中 SDZ 的独特降解途径归因于电化学和生物过程之间的协同作用。我们的研究强调了 EMBfR 在从受污染的水中去除药物和抑制 ARG 在环境中的发展（和转移）方面的好处。

       Sulfonamides, such as sulfadiazine (SDZ), are frequently detected in water and wastewater with their toxic and persistent nature arousing much concern. In this work, a novel electrochemical membrane biofilm reactor (EMBfR) was constructed for the removal of SDZ whilst suppressing the development of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Results showed that the EMBfR achieved 94.9% removal of SDZ, significantly higher than that of a control membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) without electric field applied (44.3%) or an electrolytic reactor without biofilm (77.3%). Moreover, the relative abundance of ARGs in the EMBfR was only 32.0% of that in MBfR, suggesting that the production of ARGs was significantly suppressed in the EMBfR. The underlying mechanisms relate to (i) the change of the microbial community structure in the presence of the electric field, leading to the enrichment of potential aromatic-degrading microorganisms (e.g., Rhodococcus accounting for 51.0% of the total in the EMBfR compared to 10.0% in the MBfR) and (ii) the unique degradation pathway of SDZ in the EMBfR attributed to the synergistic effect between the electrochemical and biological processes. Our study highlights the benefits of EMBfR in removing pharmaceuticals from contaminated waters and suppressing the development (and transfer) of ARGs in the environment.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389420321889