摘要

       与成人相比，婴儿肠道微生物群具有高丰度的抗生素抗性基因 (ARG)，即使在没有接触抗生素的情况下也是如此。在这里，我们通过对母乳以及婴儿和母亲肠道微生物组进行宏基因组测序来研究婴儿肠道 ARG 的潜在来源。我们发现婴儿的粪便 ARG 和移动遗传元件 (MGE) 谱与他们自己母亲的相似，而不是与无关母亲的相似。母亲母乳中的 MGE 也会与自己的婴儿共享。有可能影响微生物群落组成的母亲终止母乳喂养和产时抗生素预防与更高丰度的特定 ARG 相关，其组成主要由婴儿肠道中的细菌系统发育决定。我们的研究结果表明，婴儿通过基因传递继承了母亲过去使用抗生素的遗产，但微生物群组成仍然强烈影响整体耐药性负荷。

       The infant gut microbiota has a high abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) compared to adults, even in the absence of antibiotic exposure. Here we study potential sources of infant gut ARGs by performing metagenomic sequencing of breast milk, as well as infant and maternal gut microbiomes. We find that fecal ARG and mobile genetic element (MGE) profiles of infants are more similar to those of their own mothers than to those of unrelated mothers. MGEs in mothers’ breast milk are also shared with their own infants. Termination of breastfeeding and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis of mothers, which have the potential to affect microbial community composition, are associated with higher abundances of specific ARGs, the composition of which is largely shaped by bacterial phylogeny in the infant gut. Our results suggest that infants inherit the legacy of past antibiotic consumption of their mothers via transmission of genes, but microbiota composition still strongly impacts the overall resistance load.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06393-w?sfns=mo&fbclid=IwAR1NzhEsN86xpjVifMflwUa01CAShKdbdpqym2JNgu3vwXThYjhhQJ4lAvg