摘要

       为了降解青霉素菌丝渣 (PMD) 中残留的青霉素 G，热处理被用作实际处置的预处理。鉴于处理后的 PMD 的特征不够明确，进行了实验室规模的实验以验证其在以下几点下的土地应用安全性评估：（i）青霉素 G 残留的变化（ii）有机物的成熟度（ OM) (iii) 植物毒性 (iv) 抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的丰度。高通量定量聚合酶链反应 (HT-qPCR) 方法用于对土壤 ARG 进行全面调查。结果表明，热处理可在120min内有效降解PMD中98%的青霉素。热处理后，将处理过的 PMD 施用于土壤。原来的青霉素水平相当低，并在 4 天内完全降解。发芽指数（GI）的变化意味着产生的植物毒性显着降低。此外，与PMD相比，添加处理过的PMD并没有引起土壤ARGs的多样性和丰度的富集。因此，热处理可以被认为是 PMD 实际应用的有效预处理。

       In order to degrade the penicillin G remaining in the penicillin mycelial residue (PMD), heat treatment is used as a pretreatment for actual disposal. In view of the fact that the characteristics of the treated PMD are not clear enough, laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to verify the safety assessment of its land application under the following points: (i) changes in penicillin G residues (ii) organic maturity (OM) (iii) Phytotoxicity (iv) The abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). The high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (HT-qPCR) method is used to conduct a comprehensive investigation of soil ARG. The results show that heat treatment can effectively degrade 98% of penicillin in PMD within 120 minutes. After the heat treatment, the treated PMD is applied to the soil. The original penicillin level was quite low and completely degraded within 4 days. The change in germination index (GI) means that the phytotoxicity produced is significantly reduced. In addition, compared with PMD, the addition of treated PMD did not cause the diversity and abundance of soil ARGs to be enriched. Therefore, heat treatment can be considered as an effective pretreatment for the practical application of PMD. 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969718314657