摘要

       宏基因组方法和网络分析用于研究抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的广谱谱及其在 10 个典型环境的 50 个样本中的共现模式。总共检测到属于 18 个 ARG 类型的 260 个 ARG 亚型，每个 16S-rRNA 基因拷贝的 ARG 丰度范围为 5.4 × 10−6–2.2 × 10−1 拷贝。环境中总 ARG 丰度的趋势与人为对这些环境的影响水平很好地匹配。从受影响较小的环境到受影响严重的环境，总 ARG 丰度增加了三个数量级，即每个 16S-rRNA 基因拷贝从 3.2 × 10−3 到 3.1 × 100 个 ARG 拷贝。丰富的 ARG 与氨基糖苷、杆菌肽、β-内酰胺、氯霉素、大环内酯-林可酰胺-链霉素、喹诺酮、磺胺和四环素相关，与广泛用于人类医学或兽药/促进剂的抗生素一致。万古霉素抗性基因在不同环境中的广泛出现和丰度变化趋势可能暗示万古霉素抗性基因的传播，因为万古霉素使用产生的选择压力。成年鸡粪便中 12 种 ARG 类型的同时富集表明该生产系统中同时选择了多种 ARG。非度量多维缩放分析表明，属于同一环境的样本通常具有相似的 ARG 组成。基于网络分析揭示的共现模式，tetM 和氨基糖苷类抗性蛋白（ARG 网络的中心）被提议作为指标，通过幂函数定量估计 23 种其他共现 ARG 亚型的丰度。

       Metagenomic methods and network analysis are used to study the broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) and their co-occurrence patterns in 50 samples in 10 typical environments. A total of 260 ARG subtypes belonging to 18 ARG types were detected, and the ARG abundance range of each 16S-rRNA gene copy was 5.4 × 10−6–2.2 × 10−1 copies. The trend of total ARG abundance in the environment matches well with the level of human influence on these environments. From the less affected environment to the severely affected environment, the total ARG abundance increased by three orders of magnitude, that is, each 16S-rRNA gene copy went from 3.2 × 10−3 to 3.1 × 100 ARG copies. Abundant ARG is related to aminoglycosides, bacitracin, β-lactam, chloramphenicol, macrolide-lincosamide-streptomycin, quinolone, sulfa and tetracycline, and is widely used in human medicine or veterinary medicine/accelerator The antibiotics are consistent. The widespread appearance and abundance trend of vancomycin resistance genes in different environments may suggest the spread of vancomycin resistance genes because of the selective pressure generated by the use of vancomycin. The simultaneous enrichment of 12 ARG types in adult chicken manure indicated that multiple ARGs were selected in the production system at the same time. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis shows that samples belonging to the same environment usually have similar ARG composition. Based on the co-occurrence pattern revealed by network analysis, tetM and aminoglycoside resistance protein (the center of the ARG network) are proposed as indicators to quantitatively estimate the abundance of 23 other co-occurring ARG subtypes through a power function.

https://www.nature.com/articles/ismej201559#Sec2