摘要

       由于在畜牧生产中使用抗菌素，残留的抗菌素和抗菌素耐药基因 (ARG) 可能会在动物粪便的土地应用后进入环境，并可能进一步污染地表和地下水。本研究的目的是确定各种粪肥土地施用方法对土地施用猪粪泥浆后土壤和径流中抗微生物剂和 ARGs 的归宿和迁移的影响。猪粪浆是从饲养猪的设施中获得的，这些猪被喂食金霉素、泰乐菌素或杆菌肽，并通过撒播、掺入和注射方法进行土地施用。然后在修正地块和控制地块上进行了三个降雨模拟测试。结果表明，土地施用方法对径流中抗菌剂的水溶液浓度没有统计学意义的影响。然而，在测试的三种应用方法中，广播导致三种降雨模拟测试中径流中抗菌剂的总质量负荷最高。在连续降雨事件中，径流中金霉素和泰乐菌素的水溶液浓度下降，尽管这一趋势仅对泰乐菌素具有统计学意义。对于 ARG，广播导致径流中的 erm 基因明显高于掺入和注入方法。在土壤中，土地施用方法对表层土壤中抗微生物剂归宿的影响是化合物特异性的。土壤中的 ARG 水平没有观察到明显的趋势，可能是因为不同的宿主细胞可能对各种土地应用方法产生的土壤环境做出不同的反应。 

       Due to the use of antibiotics in livestock production, residual antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) may enter the environment after the land application of animal manure and may further contaminate the surface and groundwater. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of various manure land application methods on the fate and migration of antimicrobial agents and ARGs in the soil and runoff after the application of pig manure slurry to the land. Pig manure slurry is obtained from a facility that raises pigs, and these pigs are fed with chlortetracycline, tylosin or bacitracin and applied to the ground by sowing, blending and injection methods. Then three rainfall simulation tests were carried out on the modified plot and the control plot. The results showed that the method of land application had no statistically significant effect on the aqueous solution concentration of antibacterial agents in runoff. However, of the three application methods tested, broadcasting resulted in the highest total mass load of antimicrobial agents in runoff in the three rainfall simulation tests. During continuous rainfall events, the aqueous solution concentration of chlortetracycline and tylosin in the runoff decreased, although this trend was only statistically significant for tylosin. For ARG, the erm gene in the runoff caused by broadcasting is significantly higher than the incorporation and injection methods. In soil, the effect of land application methods on the fate of antimicrobial agents in the topsoil is compound-specific. No obvious trend was observed for ARG levels in soil, which may be because different host cells may respond differently to the soil environment generated by various land application methods.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es4026358