摘要
       抗菌素耐药细菌是影响兽药和公众健康的重要问题。超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL），AmpCβ-内酰胺酶，碳青霉烯酶（CRE）和氟喹诺酮耐药肠杆菌科的上升流行率不断降低临床上重要的抗生素的效率。此外，抗生素抗性肠道细菌动物传染的可能性增加了公共健康的风险。我们的目标是估计不同动物环境中人类接触表面上特定抗生素抗性细菌的流行率。采用静电布从伙伴动物收容所，私家马场，奶牛场，牲畜拍卖市场和县集市的牲畜区收集环境表面样品。使用选择性培养基筛选样品中表达AmpC，ESBL，CRE或氟喹诺酮抗性的肠杆菌科。牲畜拍卖市场和县集市的细菌表现出头孢菌素和氟喹诺酮耐药性的细菌水平高于马，乳品和伴侣动物环境。马设施比陪伴动物庇护所拥有更多表达头孢菌素抗性的细菌，但氟喹诺酮耐药性较低。在牲畜群体中定期使用超广谱头孢菌素可以解释牲畜环境中头孢菌素耐药性与伴侣动物和马设施相比的增加。无论物种环境如何，人体表面以及共享的人体和动物表面都被抗性细菌污染。在常见人体接触表面检测这些细菌表明，环境可以作为抗生素抗性细菌和抗性基因的人畜共患传播的储库。确定干预措施以降低动物环境中耐抗生素细菌的流行将保护动物和公众健康。

       Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria represent an important concern impacting both veterinary medicine and public health. The rising prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC beta-lactamase, carbapenemase (CRE) and fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae continually decreases the efficiency of clinically important antibiotics. Moreover, the potential for zoonotic transmission of antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria increases the risk to public health. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of specific antibiotic-resistant bacteria on human contact surfaces in various animal environments. Environmental surface samples were collected from companion animal shelters, private equine facilities, dairy farms, livestock auction markets and livestock areas of county fairs using electrostatic cloths. Samples were screened for Enterobacteriaceae expressing AmpC, ESBL, CRE or fluoroquinolone resistance using selective media. Livestock auction markets and county fairs had higher levels of bacteria expressing both cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance than did equine, dairy, and companion animal environments. Equine facilities harboured more bacteria expressing cephalosporin resistance than companion animal shelters, but less fluoroquinolone resistance. The regular use of extended-spectrum cephalosporins in livestock populations could account for the increased levels of cephalosporin resistance in livestock environments compared to companion animal and equine facilities. Human surfaces, as well as shared human and animal surfaces, were contaminated with resistant bacteria regardless of species environment. Detecting these bacteria on common human contact surfaces suggests that the environment can serve as a reservoir for the zoonotic transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Identifying interventions to lower the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animal environments will protect both animal and public health.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29575700