摘要

由广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的细菌产生介导的抗生素抗性是对公共健康的全球威胁。 ESBL耐药性最常见于医院获得;然而，在医院外获得的感染引起了人们对牲畜和野生动物在ESBL产生菌的人畜共患传播中的作用的担忧。只有有限的数据可用于动物产ESBL细菌的循环。在这里，我们报告在秘鲁利马附近的野生常见吸血蝙蝠Desmodus rotundus和牲畜中产ESBL的大肠杆菌。分子分析显示，大部分这种抗性是由质粒携带的blaCTX-M-15基因的表达引起的，这些基因在全球范围内在医院环境中传播，并且在秘鲁的健康儿童中也有观察到。多位点序列分型显示携带这种抗性的大肠杆菌菌株的多样性池并不总是寄主物种特异性的，这表明菌株之间的菌株共享或来自共同来源的感染。这项研究表明，野生动物和家养动物普遍存在ESBL耐药性，支持动物群落成为潜在的抗药性来源。未来的工作需要阐明蝙蝠在传播对公共卫生具有重要影响的抗生素耐药菌株中的作用，并了解观察到的抗药性的起源。

Antibiotic resistance mediated by bacterial production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) is a global threat to public health. ESBL resistance is most commonly hospital-acquired; however, infections acquired outside of hospital settings have raised concerns over the role of livestock and wildlife in the zoonotic spread of ESBL-producing bacteria. Only limited data are available on the circulation of ESBL-producing bacteria in animals. Here, we report ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in wild common vampire bats Desmodus rotundus and livestock near Lima, Peru. Molecular analyses revealed that most of thisresistance resulted from the expression of blaCTX-M-15 genes carried by plasmids, which are disseminating worldwide in hospital settings and have also been observed in healthy children of Peru. Multilocus sequence typing showed a diverse pool of E. coli strains carrying this resistance that were not always host species-specific, suggesting sharing of strains between species or infection from a common source. This study shows widespread ESBL resistance in wild and domestic animals, supporting animal communities as a potential source of resistance. Future work is needed to elucidate the role of bats in the dissemination ofantibiotic-resistant strains of public health importance and to understand the origin of the observed resistance.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29575785