摘要
      城市饮用水中的抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）在集中处理过程中可能无法有效去除。为了减少潜在的健康风险，有必要在使用规模上对水进行消毒。本研究调查了沸腾（一种流行的家用水消毒手段）对ARGs污染的反应性能。我们发现，与氯化和巴氏杀菌相比，煮沸在灭活大肠杆菌和环境细菌方面更有效。与氯化（多达13个基因）相比，环境细菌悬浮液的沸腾去除了更广泛的ARGs和可移动遗传元素（多达141个基因），这种更好的性能在很大程度上归因于对包括不动杆菌和芽孢杆菌在内的耐氯细菌的更强灭活。在低温加热（≤80°C）和氯化的初始阶段（初始氯为5 mg/L时的前3分钟和初始氯为1 mg/L时的后12分钟），发现细胞外ARGs的积累。随着加热温度的升高或氯化时间的延长，这些细胞外ARGs和细胞内ARGs都会被去除。在相同的处理时间（30min）下，高温加热（≥90.1°C）对DNA结构的破坏比氯化（5mg/L）更彻底。考虑到DNA融化后ARGs的低转移性，煮沸可能为减少饮用水中的细菌ARGs提供一种有效的使用点方法，并且在未来仍值得推广。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in municipal drinking water may not be effectively removed during centralized treatment. To reduce potential health risks, water disinfection at the point-of-use scale is warranted. This study investigated the performance of boiling, a prevalent household water disinfection means, in response to ARGs contamination. We found that boiling was more efficient in inactivating both Escherichia coli and environmental bacteria compared to chlorination and pasteurization. Boiling of environmental bacteria suspension removed a much broader spectrum of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (up to 141 genes) than chlorination (up to 13 genes), such better performance was largely attributed to a stronger inactivation of chlorine-tolerant bacteria including Acinetobacter and Bacillus. Accumulation of extracellular ARGs was found during low-temperature heating (≤ 80°C) and in the initial stage of chlorination (first 3 min when initial chlorine was 5 mg/L and first 12 min when initial chlorine was 1 mg/L). These extracellular ARGs as well as the intracellular ARGs got removed as the heating temperature increased or the chlorination time prolonged. Under the same treatment time (30 min), high-temperature heating (≥ 90.1°C) damaged the DNA structure more thoroughly than chlorination (5 mg/L). Taking into account the low transferability of ARGs after DNA melting, boiling may provide an effective point-of-use approach to attenuating bacterial ARGs in drinking water and is still worth promoting in the future.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135421010964