摘要
      塑料垃圾在近海和海洋中无处不在，数量越来越多，不可避免地，微生物群落在塑料中定植形成生物膜，生物膜已成为抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的传播载体。这项研究的重点是塑料特性，包括硬度、润湿性和ζ电位，对河口环境中特定塑料（聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET））上形成的生物膜中的生物量、原核和真核群落以及ARGs的影响。结果表明，与PP相比，在PE和PET上形成的生物膜中发现了更多的生物量，其特征是更多的干重、叶绿素a和总有机碳，这可能与它们较低的表面润湿性有关。变形杆菌是主要的原核菌门，分别占PE、PP、PET、水和沉积物生物膜总序列的53.06%、81.90%、37.06%、76.25%和54.27%。子囊菌门是生物膜、水和沉积物中主要的真核生物门，它们在PP上的生物膜中的丰度升高，占34.73%。与PE（2.59）和PET（0.23）相比，PP上的微生物膜具有更高的ARGs相对丰度（3.13）。此外，塑料生物膜特性（如干重、叶绿素a和总有机碳）和微生物群落（如真菌和变形杆菌）都可能参与调节ARGs的丰度。此外，可移动遗传元件（MGEs）与ARGs的绝对丰度和相对丰度显著相关，表明MGEs可能调节ARGs在生物膜中的迁移。总之，这项研究提供了塑料类型、表面性质和周围环境在塑料上形成的生物膜中形成微生物群落和ARG的重要性。
Abstract
Plastic wastes are ubiquitous in the offshore and oceans with an increasing quantity, and inevitably, microbial communities colonized the plastics to form biofilms, which have become dispersal vectors for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study focused on the impact of plastic properties including hardness, wettability, and zeta-potential on the biomass, prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities and ARGs in biofilms formed on specific plastics (polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) in an estuarine environment. The results showed that, in comparison to PP, more biomass characterized by more dry weight, chlorophyll a (Chl a) and total organic carbon (TOC) was found in biofilms formed on PE and PET, which may be related to their lower surface wettability. Proteobacteria were the dominant prokaryotic phyla, and they accounted for 53.06%, 81.90%, 37.06%, 76.25%, and 54.27% of the total sequences in biofilms on PE, PP, PET, water and sediment, respectively. Ascomycota were the predominant eukaryotic phyla in biofilms, water, and sediment, and their abundances were elevated in biofilms on PP, which accounted for 34.73%. The biofilms on PP had a higher relative abundance of ARGs (3.13) compared to those on PE (2.59) and PET (0.23). Furthermore, both the plastic-biofilm properties (e.g. dry weight, Chl a, and TOC) and microbial communities (e.g., Fungi and Proteobacteria) may be involved in regulating the abundance of ARGs. Moreover, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were significantly correlated to both the absolute and relative abundance of ARGs, indicating that MGEs may regulate the migration of ARGs in biofilms. Taken together, this investigation provides the significance of the plastic type, surface properties, and surrounding environments in shaping microbial communities and ARGs in biofilms formed on plastics.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722034593