摘要
      抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）对城市饮用水源的污染日益严重，威胁着全球人类健康。然而，ARGs的分布和影响因素，特别是如何揭示ARGs在这种环境中的风险仍不清楚。因此，以巢湖为例，通过宏基因组方法研究ARGs的特征，并探讨理化因子、微生物和ARGs之间的相互作用。在这项工作中，鉴定出75种ARG亚型，平均30.4×/Gb（范围从15.2×/Gb到57.9×/Gb），其中多药和bacA在巢湖最常见。通过共生网络揭示了ARGs的非随机共生模式和潜在宿主细菌。微生物群落和可移动遗传元件是ARG图谱的主要直接因素。ARGs的传播主要由质粒驱动。考虑到MGE、人类细菌病原体和ARGs之间的相互作用，提出了抗生素耐药性风险指数（ARRI）来表征ARGs的风险。总体而言，我们的工作系统地调查了ARGs的组成和相关因素，并建立了ARRI来估计典型城市饮用水源中ARGs潜在的风险，为管理类似的湖泊提供了直观的指标。
Abstract
The increasing pollution of urban drinking water sources by antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) threatens human health worldwide. However, the distribution and influencing factors of ARGs, especially how to reveal the risks of ARGs in this environment remains unclear. Hence, Chaohu Lake was selected as an example to investigate the characteristics of ARGs and explore the interactions among physicochemical factors, microorganisms, and ARGs by metagenomic approach. In this work, 75 ARG subtypes with an average of 30.4 × /Gb (ranging from 15.2 ×/Gb to 57.9 ×/Gb) were identified, and multidrug and bacA were most frequent in Chaohu Lake. Non-random co-occurrence patterns and potential host bacteria of ARGs were revealed through co-occurrence networks. Microbial community and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were the major direct factors in ARG profiles. The dissemination of ARGs was mainly driven by plasmids. Considering the interactions among MGEs, human bacterial pathogens, and ARGs, antibiotic resistome risk index (ARRI) was proposed to manifest the risks of ARGs. Overall, our work systemically investigated the composition and associated factors of ARGs and built ARRI to estimate the potential risks of ARGs in a typical urban drinking water source, providing an intuitive indicator for managing similar lakes.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030438942102714X