摘要
      垃圾渗滤液是一种含有多种微生物和重金属的高浓度有机废水，已成为抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的重要库。在本研究中，从收集的垃圾渗滤液和地下水中共鉴定出203种独特的ARGs和10种可移动遗传元素（MGE）。与进水相比，渗滤液处理厂出水中抗生素耐药性的数量和丰度（标准化和绝对化）显著下降。地下水中ARGs的丰度随着与渗滤液池距离的减小而增加。快速期望最大化微生物源跟踪（FEAST）表明，地下水（GW3）中高达96%的ARG可能来源于附近的渗滤液，这表明渗滤液中的ARG可以渗透并扩散到地下水环境中。ARGs与细菌群落之间存在显著相关性。结合显示12种细菌分类群与7类抗生素相关ARGs共存的网络分析，我们的结果揭示了垃圾填埋场周围水样中ARGs的各种潜在微生物宿主。重金属、细菌群落和MGE是形成水样中ARGs模式的驱动因素，它们的相互作用解释了57%的ARGs变化。我们的研究结果使我们了解了ARGs从垃圾渗滤液到附近地下水的分布和传播，并建议对ARGs在垃圾填埋场水生环境中的影响进行全面评估。
Abstract
Landfill leachate, a highly concentrated organic wastewater containing diverse microorganisms and various heavy metals, has become an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, a total of 203 unique ARGs and 10 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were identified from collected landfill leachate and groundwater. The number and abundance (normalized and absolute) of antibiotic resistome in effluent of leachate treatment plants decreased significantly compared to influent. The abundance of ARGs in groundwater increased as the distance from the leachate basin decreased. Fast expectation-maximization microbial source tracking (FEAST) showed that up to 96 % of ARGs in groundwater (GW3) may originate from nearby leachate, suggesting that ARGs in leachate can penetrate and spread into the groundwater environment. A significant correlation between ARGs and bacterial communities was identified. Together with network analysis showing the 12 bacterial taxa co-occurring with seven classes of antibiotic-associated ARGs, our results revealed the diverse potential microbial hosts of ARGs in water samples around the landfill sites. Heavy metals, bacterial community and MGEs were the driving factors shaping the ARGs patterns in the water samples, with their interactions explaining 57 % of ARGs variations. Our results provide an understanding of the distribution and dissemination of ARGs from landfill leachate to the nearby groundwater and suggest a comprehensive impact assessment of ARGs in aquatic environments of landfills.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389422015564