摘要
      抗生素的不合理使用产生了大量的抗生素耐药性细菌（ARB）和抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）。污水处理厂是ARGs的重要来源和汇，在其产生、处理和传播中发挥着重要作用。本研究总结了污水处理厂中ARGs的类型、浓度和影响因素，调查了污水中ARG的来源，比较了不同处理工艺对ARG的去除效率，并分析了ARG在污水、污泥中积累及其排放到空气中的潜在风险。结果表明，在污水处理厂进水中检测到的主要ARGs是对大环内酯类（ermB，ermF）、四环素类（tetW，tetA，tetC）、磺酰胺类（sul1，sul2）和β-内酰胺类（blaOXA，blaTEM）的抗性基因。污水处理厂进水中ARGs的浓度为2.23×102–3.90×109拷贝/mL。废水质量和微生物群落是影响ARGs分布特征的主要因素。ARGs在污水、污泥和气溶胶中的积累对区域生态环境和人类健康构成潜在风险。基于这些结果，还对污水处理厂中ARGs的研究趋势进行了展望。
Abstract
Irrational use of antibiotics produces a large number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) act as important sources and sinks of ARGs, and play an important role in their generation, treatment, and dissemination. This study summarizes the types, concentrations, and factors of ARGs in WWTPs, investigates the sources of ARGs in wastewater, compares the removal efficiencies of different treatment processes on ARGs, and analyzes the potential risks of ARGs accumulation in effluent, sludge and their emission into the air. The results show that the main ARGs detected in the influent of WWTPs are the genes resistant to macrolides (ermB, ermF), tetracyclines (tetW, tetA, tetC), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), and β-lactams (blaOXA, blaTEM). The concentrations of ARGs in the influent of the WWTPs are 2.23 × 102–3.90 × 109 copies/mL. Wastewater quality and microbial community are the dominant factors that affect the distribution characteristics of ARGs. The accumulation of ARGs in effluent, sludge, and aerosols pose potential risks to the regional ecological environment and human health. Based on these results, research trends with respect to ARGs in WWTPs are also prospected.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749122010843