摘要
      污水处理厂（WWTP）接收来自各种来源的污水，包括畜牧场、医院、工业和家庭，这些污水含有抗微生物细菌（ARB）和抗微生物基因（ARGs）。目前的处理技术无法完全去除ARB和ARGs，它们最终会释放到水生环境中。这项研究的重点是城市污水处理厂在污水处理过程中持续存在的核心耐药性。我们采用基于Hiseq的宏基因组测序方法，在韩国12个城市污水处理厂的进水（in）和出水（EF）样本中鉴定核心ARGs的核心耐药组、遗传背景和致病潜力。在这项研究中，每拷贝16S rRNA基因的ARGs丰度在0.32至3.5拷贝之间，其中In样本相对高于EF样本，尤其是大环内酯林可酰胺链脲菌素（MLS）和四环素抗性基因。另一方面，有43个核心ARGs占总数的90%，其中sul1、APH（3）-lb和RbpA的相对丰度在EF中高于in（p<0.05）。此外，在EF和in中，四环素和磺酰胺相关的核心ARGs在质粒上比在染色体上更丰富（p<0.05）。我们还发现，在in和EF中，大多数核心ARG由鲍曼不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌等机会性病原体携带。此外，噬菌体是唯一的可移动元素，其丰度与EF中核心ARGs的丰度相关，这表明转导可能在城市污水处理厂的受纳水环境中传播ARGs方面发挥主要作用。具有致病潜力的核心ARGs持续释放到环境水中是当务之急。ARGs和ARBs在环境中的流动性是一个主要的公共卫生问题。在制定政策以减少污水处理厂ARG在环境中的传播时，应考虑这些结果。
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) receive sewage water from a variety of sources, including livestock farms, hospitals, industries, and households, that contain antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs). Current treatment technologies are unable to completely remove ARB and ARGs, which are eventually released into the aquatic environment. This study focused on the core resistome of urban WWTPs that are persistent through wastewater treatment processes. We adopted the Hiseq-based metagenomic sequencing approach to identify the core resistome, their genetic context, and pathogenic potential of core ARGs in the influent (IN) and effluent (EF) samples of 12 urban WWTPs in South Korea. In this study, the abundance of ARGs ranged from 0.32 to 3.5 copies of ARGs per copy of the 16S rRNA gene, where the IN samples were relatively higher than the EF samples, especially for the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)- and tetracycline- resistant genes. On the other hand, there were 43 core ARGs sharing up to 90% of the total, among which the relative abundance of sul1, APH(3ʹʹ)-lb, and RbpA was higher in EF than in IN (p < 0.05). Moreover, tetracycline and sulfonamide-related core ARGs in both EF and IN were significantly more abundant on plasmids than on chromosomes (p < 0.05). We also found that the majority of core ARGs were carried by opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in both IN and EF. In addition, phages were the only mobile elements whose abundance correlated with that of core ARGs in EF, suggesting that transduction may play a major role in disseminating ARGs in the receiving water environment of the urban WWTP. The persistent release of core ARGs with pathogenic potential into environmental water is of immediate concern. The mobility of ARGs and ARBs in the environment is a major public health concern. These results should be taken into consideration when developing policy to mitigate environmental dissemination of ARG by WWTPs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135421010769