摘要
      本研究调查了中国上海八家大型城市污水处理厂（WWTP）进水、出水和废活性污泥（WAS）中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的流行情况。探讨了各种影响因素（废水和废水的特性、抗生素、金属、可移动遗传元素）与ARGs之间的相关性。在八个全尺寸污水处理厂中，与连续流厌氧-缺氧-好氧和氧化沟工艺相比，Unitank工艺在去除典型ARG方面效率低下。抗生素被确定为影响废水中ARGs发生的最重要因素，其次是流速和营养物质。在进水中观察到抗生素与其相应的ARGs之间的正相关性，而在WAS中这种相关性消失了。I类整合子、废水特性（氮和流速）、抗生素（氧氟沙星、磺胺二甲嘧啶和红霉素）、金属（Mg、Al、Fe和Mn）被确定为综合影响废水中ARGs分布的关键因素。在废水处理过程中，异源性硝酸盐还原对ARGs的命运产生了深刻影响，K04561（norB）、K02567（napA）、K00262（gdhA）和K00284（gltS）被确定为氮代谢途径中最重要的基因（ko00910）。本研究为全面了解污水处理厂中ARGs的发生和传播提供了一个新的视角。
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the influent, effluent, and waste activated sludge (WAS) of eight full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shanghai, China. A comprehensive understanding of the correlation between various influencing factors (characteristics of wastewater and WAS, antibiotics, metals, mobile genetic elements) and ARGs was explored. Among the eight full-scale WWTPs, the Unitank process was inefficient in removing typical ARGs compared with continuous-flow anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic and oxidation ditch processes. Antibiotic was identified as the most influential factor affecting the occurrence of ARGs in wastewater, followed by flow rate and nutrients. Positive correlations were observed between antibiotics and their corresponding ARGs in the influent, while this correlation disappeared in the WAS. Class I integron, wastewater characteristics (nitrogen and flow rate), antibiotics (ofloxacin, sulfamethazine, and erythromycin), metals (Mg, Al, Fe, and Mn) were identified as crucial factors comprehensively affecting the distribution of ARGs in WAS. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction profoundly influenced the fate of ARGs during wastewater treatment processes, and K04561 (norB), K02567 (napA), K00262 (gdhA), K00284 (gltS) were identified as the most significant genes in the nitrogen metabolism pathway (ko00910). This study provides a new perspective for comprehensively understanding the occurrence and dissemination of ARGs in WWTPs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722012463