摘要
      对环境中生物风险的关注日益受到关注。粪肥被认为是农业土壤中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的重要来源。然而，在不同的粪肥改良土壤中，包括ARGs、毒力因子基因（VFGs）和人类细菌病原体（HBPs）在内的微生物污染状况在很大程度上仍然未知。在这里，我们进行了基于宏基因组的系统研究，以探索经常用肥料处理的土壤中抗性、VFG和HBP的变化。结果表明，许多粪肥携带的ARGs、VFGs和HBPs可以扩散到土壤中，并且它们的多样性和丰度在化肥、猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪和蚕粪施用之间存在显著差异。共检测到157种潜在的HBPs，约占细菌总数的1.33%。从粪土转移到土壤的主要ARGs对万古霉素和大环内酯林可酰胺链脲菌素具有耐药性。系列分析揭示了ARGs-HBPs、VFGs-HBPs和ARGs-VFGs的阳性共现模式。猪粪和蚕粪样品中的微生物污染比其他样品更严重，这意味着使用这两种粪便会增加HBPs和ARGs传播的风险。本研究证实了不同施肥改良土壤中抗性、VFG和HBPs的普遍性和差异性。
Abstract
Concerns regarding biological risk in environment have garnered increasing attention. Manure has been believed to be a significant source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in agricultural soil. Nevertheless, the profile of microbial contamination including ARGs, virulence factor genes (VFGs) and human bacterial pathogens (HBPs) in different manure-amended soils remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted the systematic metagenome-based study to explore changes in resistome, VFGs and HBPs in soils treated by frequently-used manures. The results revealed that many manure-borne ARGs, VFGs, and HBPs could be spreaded into soils, and their diversity and abundance were significantly different among chemical fertilizer, pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung and silkworm excrement application. A total of 157 potential HBPs accounting about 1.33% of total bacteria were detected. The main ARGs transferred from manures to soil conferred resistance to vancomycin and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin. The series analysis revealed positive co-occurrence patterns of ARGs-HBPs, VFGs-HBPs and ARGs-VFGs. Microbial contamination were more serious in pig manure and silkworm excrement sample than in the other samples, implying the usage of these two manures increased the risk of HBPs and dissemination of ARGs. This study confirmed the prevalence and discrepancy of resistome, VFGs and HBPs in different manure-amended soils.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389422011499