摘要
      腐殖还原微生物（HRMs）可以利用腐殖物质作为末端电子介质，促进堆肥中普遍存在的污染的生物修复。然而，HRMs对堆肥中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和可移动遗传元件（MGE）的影响以及随着生物废物类型的不同影响ARGs传播的不同HRMs群落组成尚未得到研究。本文研究了富含蛋白质、木质纤维素和木质素的堆肥过程中ARGs和HRMs的动力学和迁移率。结果表明，ARGs在高温阶段发生显著变化，并且大多数ARGs的相对丰度在堆肥过程中增加。七组HRMs群落被归类为ARGs的主要宿主HRMs，大多数宿主HRMs群落来自富含蛋白质的堆肥。最后，提出了抑制ARGs在不同堆肥中传播的调控方法。HRMs在富含蛋白质的堆肥中表现出比富含木质纤维素和木质素的堆肥更高的ARGs传播能力，但ARGs的传播可以通过调节富含蛋白质堆肥中的物理化学参数来抑制。相反，大多数HRMs对富含木质纤维素和木质素的堆肥中ARGs的传播具有抑制作用，这些HRMs可以用作抑制ARGs传播的新试剂。我们的研究结果可以通过接种来自不同生物废物堆肥的功能细菌进行环境修复来帮助理解ARGs的潜在风险传播，因为它们对开发一种以分类为导向的方法来堆肥不同的生物废物具有预期的重要性。
Abstract
Humic-reducing microorganisms (HRMs) can utilize humic substance as terminal electron mediator promoting the bioremediation of contaminate, which is ubiquitous in composts. However, the impacts of HRMs on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in composts and different HRMs community composition following the types of biowastes effected the spread of ARGs have not been investigated. Herein, the dynamics and mobility of ARGs and HRMs during protein-, lignocellulose- and lignin-rich composting were investigated. Result show that ARGs change significantly at the thermophilic phase, and the relative abundance of most ARGs increase during composting. Seven groups of HRMs communities are classified as primary host HRMs of ARGs, and most host HRMs groups from protein-rich composts. Conclusively, regulating methods for inhibiting ARGs spread for different composts are proposed. HRMs show a higher ARGs dissemination capacity in protein-rich composts than lignocellulose- and lignin-rich composts, but the spread of ARGs can be inhibited by regulate physicochemical parameters in protein-rich composts. In contrary, most HRMs have inhibitory effects on ARGs spread in lignocellulose- and lignin-rich composts, and those HRMs can be used as a new agent that inhibits the spread of ARGs. Our results can help in understanding the potential risk spread of ARGs by inoculating functional bacteria derived from different biowastes composts for environmental remediation, given their expected importance to developing a classification-oriented approach for composting different biowastes.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721058149