摘要
抗微生物耐药性，尤其是抗生素耐药性，对公众健康构成了巨大威胁。此外，重金属，另一种重要污染物，可以加速AMR的产生和传播。因此，在重金属应力作用下去除AMR的方法和机理亟待阐明。吸附已被证明是处理AMR污染的重要手段。然而，对于通过吸附净化AMR和重金属的联合污染，仍然缺乏系统的综述。考虑到这一点，这篇综述介绍了两种类型的吸附剂，碳基材料（生物炭和氧化石墨烯）和粘土矿物，即使在重金属胁迫下，它们也可以有效地去除抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）。此外，我们总结了影响ARGs变化的关键因素，并提出了在这些因素影响下两种材料去除ARGs的机理。然后，强调了两种材料在重金属胁迫下通过减少重金属共选择和改变微生物群落来减少ARGs的途径。最后，详细介绍了这些吸附剂降低ARGs研究的瓶颈和未来的研究方向。总之，该综述为缓解AMR和重金属污染提供了新的见解，并促进了去除ARGs和重金属的可行方法的进展。
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially antibiotic resistance, has posed a huge threat to public health. Moreover, heavy metal, another significant contaminant, can accelerate the generation and dissemination of AMR. Thus, the method and mechanism of AMR removal under heavy metal stress need to be elucidated urgently. Adsorption has been proved to be an important means to deal with AMR pollution. However, there is still a lack of systematic reviews on decontaminating the combined pollution of AMR and heavy metal by adsorption. With this in mind, this review introduces two types of adsorbents, carbon-based materials (biochar and graphene oxide) and clay minerals, which can remove antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) efficiently even under heavy metal stress. Besides, we summarize the crucial factors affecting the variations of ARGs, and the mechanisms of ARGs removal by two materials under the influences of these factors are proposed. Then, the pathways of two materials to decrease ARGs by reducing heavy metal co-selection and altering microbial communities under heavy metal stress are emphasized. Finally, the bottlenecks of the research on reducing ARGs by these adsorbents and the prior study directions in the future are described in detail. To sum up, the review offers new insight into the mitigation of AMR and heavy metal pollution and facilitates the progress of feasible methods for the removal of ARGs and heavy metal.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1385894722026122